The current issue of Asian Medicine emerges from the presentations made and discussions held during the panel 'Women and Gender in Medicine and Healing Across Asia' at the Asian Medicine: Cultivating Traditions and the Challenges of Globalisation conference in Bhutan, September 2009 (organised by IASTAM, the International Association for Traditional Medicine in collaboration with the Institute for Traditional Medicine Services, Thimphu). The original papers given at that panel spanned topics such as female medical practitioners in the history of Korean medicine, reproduction in late imperial and contemporary China, Islamic embryology, and women and gender in Tibetan medicine. While this issue focuses on the Tibetan medical contributions alone, it draws on insights gained from the wider discussions at the panel. It also includes other articles from scholars whose research is particularly relevant to the topic. The intention of this special issue is to present current research focusing on women and gender within the field of Tibetan medical and cultural practices. It presents articles that explore social, cultural, economic and medical aspects of women's health, as well as historical and contemporary roles and perspectives of female doctors and patients found within the medical landscape of a broadly defined Tibet. These contributions serve as points of reflection for this introductory essay, in which we review past and ongoing activities, explore analytical trajectories and innovative approaches in interdisciplinary research on women, gender and medicine in Tibet.
OutlineThis introduction has three parts: the first reviews gendered productions, transmissions and practices of Tibetan medicine; the second part discusses the representation of women in medical literature and illustrations, while the 176 H. Fjeld, T. Hofer / Asian Medicine 6 (2010-11) third and last part addresses Tibetan medicine and reproductive health. So far, in the history of Tibetan medicine, called Sowa Rigpa (the 'science of healing', gso ba rig pa), most of its practitioners and authors have been men. Both the learning and practice of Sowa Rigpa and its associated texts have been closely connected to monastic institutions. This however, is only part of the (his)story. Sowa Rigpa was also learnt outside monasteries, within medical lineages, where knowledge and practice was often transmitted from father to son, uncle to nephew, and, as we shall see, from father to daughter, uncle to niece, and mother to daughter and son. Here we find the concept of the 'house' that derives from anthropological kinship theory a useful and encompassing tool for analysing the transmission and practice of Tibetan medicine outside lay and monastic institutions, for it draws out the relations between what in Tibetan are termed medical lineages (sman gyi rgyud) and medical houses (sman grong). We discuss whether, as has been suggested in earlier work by Janet Gyatso and Hanna Havnevik, Tibetan medicine has posed a relatively open field for women and, if so, how wom...