The Vitamin D of Alfalfa and Prairie Hay and its Utilization by Dairy Cows

Wallis, G. C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(39)92917-6

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this study at northern latitude while more southern latitudes will increase exposure of UV-B. In addition, most of the previous studies were done on hay, although no information of DM was given, whereas this study was done on fresh plant material. ,,,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty to eighty years ago, the vitamin D 2 activity of grass and hay was studied intensively by the use of biological methods. − The majority of the studies was on alfalfa ( M. sativa L.), and most of the grasses showed activity. The vitamin D activities ranged from 0 to 3831 IU/kg, equivalent to 0–95.8 μg vitamin D/kg (1 IU of vitamin D corresponds to 0.025 μg).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for this may be limitations in the analytical methods available to quantitate vitamin D 2 and ergosterol. Most publications on vitamin D 2 in grass and hay date 50–80 years back. − These studies used biological assays to determine the vitamin D activity. Biological assays are based on the ability of vitamin D to cure rickets in vitamin D-deficient rats .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Jäpelt

Didion

Smedsgaard

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ergosterol (provitamin D(2)) is converted to vitamin D(2) in grass by exposure to UV light. Six varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were harvested four times during the season, and the contents of vitamin D(2) and ergosterol were analyzed by a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Weather factors were recorded, and a principal component analysis was performed to study which factors were important for the formation of vitamin D(2). The results suggest that a combination of weather factors is involved and that the contents of ergosterol and vitamin D(2) change more than a factor of 10 during the season. These results demonstrate that grass potentially can be a significant source of vitamin D for grazing animals and animals fed on silage and hay.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Jäpelt

Didion

Smedsgaard

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Either a rat or a chicken was put on a vitamin D deficient diet until the animal developed rickets. Afterwards, they were fed plants or plant extracts and it was estimated to which extent the rickets were cured (Wallis, 1938, 1939; Moore et al, 1948; Thomas and Moore, 1951; Thomas, 1952; Keener, 1954; Henry et al, 1958; Wallis et al, 1958). This method is time-consuming as it takes 5 weeks, and precision and accuracy may be discussed.…”

Section: Analytical Methods To Study the Vitamin D Forms In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversion to vitamin D 2 occurs by sun-exposure of the plant material during growth and in the curing process. The antirachitic activity of grass and hay was studied intensively 50–80 years back using rat assays (Steenbock et al, 1925; Russell, 1929; Wallis, 1938, 1939; Moore et al, 1948; Newlander, 1948; Thomas and Moore, 1951; Newlander and Riddell, 1952; Thomas, 1952; Keener, 1954; Henry et al, 1958; Wallis et al, 1958). Most of these studies were on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and the activities ranged from 0–3800 IU/kg, equivalent to 0–95 μg vitamin D/kg.…”

Section: Vitamin D2 In Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

Jäpelt¹,

Jakobsen²

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

245

147

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The major function of vitamin D in vertebrates is maintenance of calcium homeostasis, but vitamin D insufficiency has also been linked to an increased risk of hypertension, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, there is a growing awareness about vitamin D as a requirement for optimal health. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by a photochemical conversion of provitamin D3, but the necessary rays are only emitted all year round in places that lie below a 35° latitude. Unfortunately, very few food sources naturally contain vitamin D and the general population as a results fail to meet the requirements. Fish have the highest natural content of vitamin D expected to derive from an accumulation in the food chain originating from microalgae. Microalgae contain both vitamin D3 and provitamin D3, which suggests that vitamin D3 exist in the plant kingdom and vitamin D3 has also been identified in several plant species as a surprise to many. The term vitamin D also includes vitamin D2 that is produced in fungi and yeasts by UVB-exposure of provitamin D2. Small amounts can be found in plants contaminated with fungi and traditionally only vitamin D2 has been considered present in plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sterol biosynthesis leading to provitamin D. It also addresses the occurrence of vitamin D and its hydroxylated metabolites in higher plants and in algae and discusses limitations and advantages of analytical methods used in studies of vitamin D and related compounds including recent advances in analytical technologies. Finally, perspectives for a future production of vitamin D biofortified fruits, vegetables, and fish will be presented.

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We Know Next to Nothing About Vitamin D in Horses!

Hymøller

Jensen

2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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The Vitamin D of Alfalfa and Prairie Hay and its Utilization by Dairy Cows

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

We Know Next to Nothing About Vitamin D in Horses!

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The Vitamin D of Alfalfa and Prairie Hay and its Utilization by Dairy Cows

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D2 and Vitamin D2 in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D2 and Vitamin D2 in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis

We Know Next to Nothing About Vitamin D in Horses!

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₂ in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)