The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered

Crump, Laurien

doi:10.4324/9781315732541

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Only in Romania in 1965-6 did socialist elites encourage radical anti-US and pro-Vietnamese demonstrations in public, to demonstrate their support for Chinese criticism of the allegedly limited support offered by the Soviet Union, and in so doing encourage their population to identify with a struggle that echoed their own attempts to assert independence from the major world power in their own backyard. 67 Across the eastern bloc -albeit to varying degrees in different countries -student groups, intellectuals and young workers challenged the limitations of their states' official solidarity movements. This may have been partly the result of unintended encouragement: official solidarity often gave the impression of urging youth to 'exceed' the movement's institutional forms.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘We Are with You, Vietnam’: Transnational Solidarities in Socialist Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia

James

Apor

Vučetić

et al. 2015

Journal of Contemporary History

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Global solidarity with anti-imperialist struggles -which state socialist regimes in eastern Europe sought to inculcate in their populations from the 1950s onwards -constitutes a little studied form of modern transnational political socialization. This article explores this theme by analysing how three socialist countries -Hungary, Poland and Yugoslaviaattempted to build mass solidarity with the Vietnamese in the 1960s and 1970s. First, the article examines the political uses of transnationalism for socialist regimes in the 1960s, as the struggle for socialism in the so-called 'Third World', and support for such struggles in the West, allowed the socialist East to construct powerful images of a world turning towards its own political and moral values. Second, it explores how socialist citizens themselves reinterpreted transnational solidarity for their own ends, turning its language into a criticism of foreign policy, or state socialism at home; or using the opportunities it provided to challenge the state's right to control the public sphere. In doing so, the article suggests that we cannot understand such solidarity movements simply as top-down impositions from Moscow or national capitals; rather, they also reveal important aspects of state-society relations.

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‘We Are with You, Vietnam’: Transnational Solidarities in Socialist Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia

James

Apor

Vučetić

et al. 2015

Journal of Contemporary History

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“…21 We nevertheless suggest that this crisis was pivotal for the evolution of the organisations, creating a 'dynamics of dissent', which caused both the organisations and their members to emancipate themselves to some extent from the Soviet grip. 22 The resolution of this crisis proves that both organisations evolved into institutions which learnt to cope with dissent and diverging national interests, and which developed the potential to operate as collective actors. They thus began to fulfil enough of the abovementioned criteria of 'international organisations' to be considered as such, however imperfectly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reassessing Communist International Organisations: A Comparative Analysis of COMECON and the Warsaw Pact in relation to their Cold War Competitors

Crump¹,

Godard²

2017

Contemporary European History

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This article widens the analysis of international organisations by including communist organisations, in particular the Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). Drawing on archival research in Moscow, Bucharest, Berlin, Geneva and Rome, this article traces the origins, the evolution and the collective actorness of both organisations. Both COMECON and the Warsaw Pact went through a process of institutionalisation, reorganisation and multilateralisation and began to share many characteristics with their Western counterparts, such as the European Economic Community and NATO. Contrary to conventional wisdom these organisations thus developed into multilateral international organisations, which the other members could use to challenge Soviet unilateralism. Comparing COMECON and the Warsaw Pact with each other and with their Western counterparts, this article shows how these Eastern European international organisations contributed to shifting the balance of power within the Soviet Bloc by empowering their members as sovereign states and themselves as collective actors.

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1989

James

Iacob

Rupprecht

et al. 2019

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The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

‘We Are with You, Vietnam’: Transnational Solidarities in Socialist Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia

‘We Are with You, Vietnam’: Transnational Solidarities in Socialist Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia

Reassessing Communist International Organisations: A Comparative Analysis of COMECON and the Warsaw Pact in relation to their Cold War Competitors

1989

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