The water crisis and its implications in Brazilian agribusiness: A bibliographic review

Abstract

Water scarcity has become one of the main global problems, since of all the water of the terrestrial surface, only 2.5% represents fresh water, and of this, only 0.3% corresponds to the water of the rivers and lakes that are available to supply the demand for food production and other uses. The present work consisted in surveying the scenario related to the global water crisis and presenting evidence that even Brazil being abundant in the amount of water available, tends to face serious problems because of its scarcity, affecting two of the main economic pillars, agribusiness and industry. It was observed that the main negative effects on water resources occur due to urban occupation and agricultural practices in a disorderly way, causing destruction of natural resources through the discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and agrochemicals. In general, the lack of control of the use of the water directed to the productive processes is one of the major generators of the water shortage, since 69% of the water derived from rivers, lakes and aquifers underground is turned to irrigated agriculture, using 70 times more water than for domestic purposes. Thus, it is necessary to adopt policies aimed at the conservation and efficient use of water resources, to value water as a social, social and environmental good, since their scarcity can generate instability in economic sectors such as agriculture, generating production insecurity in industry, as well as affecting the supply of drinking water, basic sanitation and public health.

Another casualty of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic—the environmental impact

“…In addition to these public health problems, the contamination of natural resources, such as soil and water, is also extremely harmful to the environment, since, with population growth, these resources are already scarce and more degraded (Tormen et al 2016 ). Fagundes et al ( 2020 ) points out that water is a resource that is becoming increasingly scarce, both in quantity and quality. The author mentions that a good part of the water available for consumption is extracted from groundwater and that these waters correspond to about 30% of all freshwater on the planet, reinforcing the need for its conservation.…”