The WHO-EPI Initiative for the Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis

Ward, N A; Milstien, Julie B.; Hull, HarryF; Hull, Barbara P.; Kim-Farley, Robert

doi:10.1006/biol.1993.1092

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Since the elimination of poliovirus from large parts of the world, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has become the most important clinical cause of AFP. [1] Various studies around the world have found prevalence of GBS among acute flaccid paralysis patients of 42- 47%. [23] Higher prevalence has been reported from Honduras (72%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Flaccid paralysis in adults: Our experience

Kaushik

Kharbanda

Bhalla

et al. 2014

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a complex clinical syndrome with a broad array of potential etiologies that vary with age. We present our experience of acute onset lower motor neuron paralysis.Materials and Methods:One hundred and thirty-three consecutive adult patients presenting with weakness of duration less than four weeks over 12 months period were enrolled. Detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations according to a pre-defined diagnostic algorithm were carried out. The patients were followed through their hospital stay till discharge or death.Results:The mean age was 33.27 (range 13-89) years with male preponderance (67.7%). The most common etiology was neuroparalytic snake envenomation (51.9%), followed by Guillain Barre syndrome (33.1%), constituting 85% of all patients. Hypokalemic paralysis (7.5%) and acute intermittent porphyria (4.5%) were the other important conditions. We did not encounter any case of acute polio mylitis in adults. In-hospital mortality due to respiratory paralysis was 9%.Conclusion:Neuroparalytic snakebite and Guillain Barre syndrome were the most common causes of acute flaccid paralysis in adults in our study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Flaccid paralysis in adults: Our experience

Kaushik

Kharbanda

Bhalla

et al. 2014

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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“…Monitoring vaccine coverage is used as a measure of program progress, while monitoring disease incidence through surveillance programs (either with acute flaccid paralysis -AFP -surveillance or viral isolation) is used as a measure of its impact [2]. These measures have been proven extremely efficient and there has been a considerable reduction in the number of cases reported worldwide during the last decade [3][4][5][6][7]. Even before the WHO decision, the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) presented an even more audacious proposal, with the goal of interrupting thetransmission of wild Poliovirus in the Americas by 1990 [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ultimate goals of the poliomyelitis eradication program are total interruption of wild Poliovirus transmission and zero poliomyelitis incidence. In order to achieve these goals, the most efficient manner to eradicate transmission of wild polioviruses is to maintain both high vaccine coverage and an adequate system of epidemiological (AFP) and laboratory (viral isolation) surveillance [2,3,15,16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimated prevalence of immunity to poliomyelitis in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based survey

et al. 2002

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Objectives. Estimate the prevalence of immunity to poliomyelitis (anti-polio antibodies) in the city of São Paulo/Brazil through a population-based survey. Methods. A quantitative and inductive method was used to draw a representative sample of the population. Randomization and stratification (based on sex, age and residence region) was done, and 1,059 individuals were studied on a home-visit basis (structured questionnaires and blood samples). A microneutralization test was performed to detect anti-polio antibodies against serotypes 1, 2 and 3. Results. The estimated prevalence of immunity to poliomyelitis was high, with 94.6% prevalence of anti-polio 1 antibodies, 98.8% anti-polio 2 and 91.9% anti-polio 3. Despite this high prevalence, there were significantly lower prevalence levels in some groups, specially among age and residence region groups. Discussion. Routine child immunization and NIDs with OPV have provided excellent levels of serological immunity to poliomyelitis in the population of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. However, there may be specific groups with a lower prevalence of immunity. Estimations of the prevalence of immunity to poliomyelitis were made in a population-based survey, which could be used as an auxiliary tool for supporting the polio eradication program.

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“…To be fair, no one knew just how serious they would become, but the rhetoric of polio eradication in the mid-1990s seems willfully naïve in retrospect. For example, in 1993, planners believed that if all endemic countries conducted two mass campaigns from fixed points per year by 1995, supplemented with house-to-house ''mop-up'' activities twice per year in stubborn areas by 1997, polio would be eradicated by the year 2000 (Ward et al 1993). Worldwide, countries were not sufficiently enthused about polio eradication to adopt it on this schedule (all countries did not begin mass vaccination until 1998), but even if they had, this schedule of immunizations would have been woefully inadequate to interrupt transmission in places like Pakistan.…”

Section: S Clossermentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Can't Give Up Now”: Global Health Optimism and Polio Eradication in Pakistan

Closser

2012

Medical Anthropology

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The Polio Eradication Initiative, the largest coordinated public health project in history, is currently facing serious difficulties. For years, it has tried and failed to eliminate polio from its last strongholds in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Drawing on document analysis as well as participant observation and interviews in Pakistan, Atlanta, Geneva, and Montreal, I explore how officials in the Polio Eradication Initiative systematically devalued or quieted evidence that eradication was not achievable and emphasized evidence that it was achievable, thus creating a string of optimistic projections. Polio eradication's culture of optimism ensures the continuation of the project by convincing donors and officials alike that eradication is immanent. At the same time, it prevents open, objective analysis of the problems the project faces.

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The WHO-EPI Initiative for the Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Acute Flaccid paralysis in adults: Our experience

Acute Flaccid paralysis in adults: Our experience

Estimated prevalence of immunity to poliomyelitis in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based survey

“We Can't Give Up Now”: Global Health Optimism and Polio Eradication in Pakistan

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