“…Later, the Modified Cam-clay model (Roscoe and Burland, 1968) was developed with an elliptical yield surface, and is widely used for simulating the mechanical behavior of clays. Several well known clay models (Kavvadas, 1982;Anandarajah and Dafalias, 1986;Banerjee and Yousif, 1986;Dafalias, 1986Dafalias, , 1987Kaliakin and Dafalias, 1990;Crouch and Wolf, 1992;Whittle and Kavvadas, 1994) are extensions of the Modified Cam-clay model. Some models (for example, Crouch and Wolf, 1992) adopted a shape parameter R (≥2.0) in extending the Modified Cam-clay yield surface to the tension side.…”