Theoretical Efficiency of Nanostructured Graphene‐Based Photovoltaics

Yong, Virginia; Tour, James M.

doi:10.1002/smll.200901364

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This is mainly because CNTs have poor solubility in organic polymer matrices and wide distributions in lengths and diameters. [171][172][173][174][175] Graphene has the advantage of higher electron mobility than that of C 60 derivatives as well as energy levels easily tunable by adjusting the material's size and functionality. Furthermore, graphene's large specific surface area and 2D structure favor the formation of a bicontinuous interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor at nanometer scale with maximum interfacial area.…”

Section: Heterojunction Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

238

120

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Graphene has wide potential applications in energyrelated systems, mainly because of its unique atom-thick twodimensional structure, high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency, great mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, and huge specific surface area. For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form composites, especially when fabricating flexible devices. Graphene/polymer composites have been explored as electrodes of supercapacitors or lithium ion batteries, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, transparent conducting electrodes and active layers of organic solar cells, catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the synthesis and applications of graphene/polymer composites for energy applications. The challenges and prospects in this field have also been discussed. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 231-253 KEYWORDS: composites; energy; fuel cell; graphene; lithium ion battery; redox polymers; solar cell; supercapacitor; synthesis INTRODUCTION Energy is one of the most important recent topics of concern to human society. To replace conventional fossil fuels, clean and renewable energies based on sunlight, wind, new chemicals, and biofuels are urgently demanded. Therefore, materials that can directly convert or store renewable energies are being extensively studied. Among them, graphene has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its unique atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) structure 1,2 and excellent electrical, 2 thermal, 3 optical, and mechanical properties. 4,5 Graphene is a promising material for applications in various energy-related systems such as supercapacitors, 6-9 secondary batteries, 10-14 solar cells, 15-17 and fuel cells. [18][19][20] For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form functional composites. [21][22][23] The polymer component can improve the processability and/or flexibility of graphene materials, and also possibly provide them with new functions. To date, various graphene composites with insulating or conducting polymers (CPs) have been prepared through noncovalent 22 or covalent approaches. 24 They have also been applied as electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries (LIBs), 25-29 counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 15,30,31 and transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) 32,33 or active layers of organic solar cells, 34 catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. [35][36][37] This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene/polymer composites and their energy applications.

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Section: Heterojunction Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

238

120

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“…The unique sp 2 hybrid carbon nanostructure of GNs opens up new applications in nanoelectronics [3], biosensors [4,5], supercapacitors [6], and transistors [7]. Owing to their remarkable high electron mobility (15,000 cm 2 /V·s) [8], extremely large surface area (~2600 m 2 /g) [9], and low fabrication cost, GNs are considered as an ideal support for developing next-generation photovoltaic devices [10]. Li et al reported that on forming layered GNs-CdS quantum dots (QDs), the electrode exhibited a significant improvement in photo-response compared with that of single-walled carbon nanotube-CdS QD nanocomposites [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step, solvothermal synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites and their interesting photovoltaic properties

et al. 2010

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The synthesis of graphene-semiconductor nanocomposites has attracted increasing attention due to their interesting optoelectronic properties. However the synthesis of such nanocomposites, with decorated particles well dispersed on graphene, is still a great challenge. This work reports a facile, one-step, solvothermal method for the synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites directly from graphene oxide, with CdS and ZnS very well dispersed on the graphene nanosheets. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the integration of CdS and ZnS with graphene significantly decreases their photoluminescence. Transient photovoltage studies revealed that the graphene-CdS nanocomposite exhibits a very unexpected strong positive photovoltaic response, while separate samples of graphene and CdS quantum dots (QDs) of a similar size do not show any photovoltaic response.

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“…444 Thus far, graphene has not acted as a primary light absorber in OPVs or DSSCs even though such cells have been hypothesized to have PCE values of 12% in a single cell geometry and 24% in a tandem geometry. 445 However, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been employed as light absorbers inTiO 2 -based DSSCs as seen in Fig. 12g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing

et al. 2013

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In the last three decades, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. While early work showed that these properties could enable high performance in selected applications, issues surrounding structural inhomogeneity and imprecise assembly have impeded robust and reliable implementation of carbon nanomaterials in widespread technologies. However, with recent advances in synthesis, sorting, and assembly techniques, carbon nanomaterials are experiencing renewed interest as the 2 basis of numerous scalable technologies. Here, we present an extensive review of carbon nanomaterials in electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and sensing devices with a particular focus on the latest examples based on the highest purity samples. Specific attention is devoted to each class of carbon nanomaterial, thereby allowing comparative analysis of the suitability of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for each application area. In this manner, this article will provide guidance to future application developers and also articulate the remaining research challenges confronting this field.Deep Jariwala is currently working as a graduate student under supervision of Prof. Mark

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Theoretical Efficiency of Nanostructured Graphene‐Based Photovoltaics

Cited by 97 publications

References 51 publications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

One-step, solvothermal synthesis of graphene-CdS and graphene-ZnS quantum dot nanocomposites and their interesting photovoltaic properties

Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing

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