Theoretical substantiation of the design of the opener of the beet seeder

Abstract

Compliance with the sowing technology is the basis for the cultivation of any agricultural crop, since the yield and product quality, material and monetary costs, the seeding rate, the area of plant nutrition, as well as the design features of the machines used, depend on it. When sowing sugar beet, this issue is most relevant because recently, the sowing of this crop has undergone major changes. Most of the seeds used in Russia are both granulated and single-sprout. The seeding rate is set at the final density and, therefore, a delay in the growth of individual plants is not permissible. In this regard, serious requirements are imposed on the design of the seed sowing apparatus, one of the indicators of which is to ensure the placement of seeds on the loose bottom of the sowing furrow, backfilling it with soil from above with subsequent compaction creates unfavorable conditions for seed germination.

Substantiation of the presence and parameters of seed guides in the openers, which increase the quality of sowing and yield

“…The combination of seed flight control and a new method of soil shedding [12] eliminates the sloped sub-opener surface, which significantly improves the uniformity of seed distribution in the soil (Tables 1, 2). An experimental opener with a guide and a reflector reduces the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal uniformity by 20…45 %.…”

“…In [12], the process of seed movement in a tubular guide is considered. Theoretical substantiations of the characteristics of the movement of seeds along the guide are given.…”

“…Based on the analysis of the sources [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], it can be concluded that there are unresolved issues related to improving the uniformity of seed distribution by guiding elements in the openers.…”

“…-the elimination of the sib-opener inclined surface by the interaction of seed guides and a new process of soil shattering during the movement of the opener [12].…”

Results of laboratory and bench-scale studies of seed dispensers with an electric drive of working tools

“…This allows controlling the seeding rate of each device and automatically turning it off on the sown areas, as well as to exclude re-sowing on the turn lanes and wedges. Employing an electric drive in seed dispensers of seed drills replaces the mechanical drive elements (shafts, gears, sprockets, chains, and gearboxes) to regulate the seeding rate, which allows reducing the maintenance and mechanical services cost of seeder units (Gorshenin y Abrosimov y Solovyov, 2017;Soloviev, et al 2021;Solovyov, et al 2020;Zavrazhnov et al 2020).…”