Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in bone and joint diseases

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the non-hematopoietic progenitor cells, are multi-potent stem cells from a variety of tissues with the capability of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation into multi-lineage cell types, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. These properties make MSCs an ideal source of cell therapy in bone and joint diseases. This review describes the advances of animal study and preliminary clinical application in the past few years, related to MSC-based cell therapy in the common bone and joint diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head and osteogenesis imperfecta. It highlights the promising prospect of MSC in clinical application of bone and joint diseases.

Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential

“…It should be pointed out that, compared to BM MSCs, AFMSCs have higher selfrenewal capacity and are more potent for lineage-specific differentiation [40] . Therefore, considering also their more easily isolation and the great number of available cells, AFMSCs may represent excellent candidates for cell replacement therapies [61] . Of note, even if there are other MSC sources easily available, like adiposederived MSCs, the osteogenic capacity of such cells compared to BM MSCs is now still debated [62] .…”

Age-Related Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Overexpression Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Aging and the age-related reduction in bone mass are associated with a decrease in the number of MSCs and the impairment of their osteogenic potential [27,28]. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of aging on the differentiation potential and function of MSCs remain unclear.…”

Therapeutic immunomodulation with mesenchymal stromal cells: the need for in vivo clues

“…MSC are clinically interesting for their regenerative properties and they found ample applications regarding liver [14], cardiovascular [15], musculoskeletal and orthopaedic [16] (including cartilages defects following trauma [17], osteoarthritis [18], rheumatoid arthritis [19], osteoporosis, osteonecrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta [20], degenerative disc disease [21]), neurological (including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SLA) [22,23] and Alzheimer's disease [24]), renal and autoimmune diseases [25,26].…”