Therapeutic Potential of Proanthocyanidins in Ulcerative Colitis in Remission

Abstract

A number of bioactive components of diet are indicated as potential dietary factors for the management of ulcerative colitis, while the recent study conducted in an animal model revealed that proanthocyanidins from grape seeds exert a broadly positive impact. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of dietary proanthocyanidins intake on the symptoms of ulcerative colitis in remission in human subjects. The study was conducted in a group of 55 participants (19 males, 36 females) in remission of ulcerative colitis confirmed based on both the Mayo Scoring system and Rachmilewitz index. Their habitual dietary intake of proanthocyanidins and intake recalculated per 1000 kcal of diet was assessed and it was verified whether they are associated with symptoms of ulcerative colitis. The energy value of diet and intake of other nutrients were analyzed as potential interfering factors. Participants declaring the presence of mucus in their stool compared with other participants were characterized by higher proanthocyanidins intake (142 vs. 75 mg; p = 0.0441) and intake per 1000 kcal (91 vs. 37 mg/1000 kcal; p = 0.0092), while for no other nutrient such association was stated. Participants declaring constipation compared with other participants were characterized by higher proanthocyanidins intake (214 vs. 82 mg; p = 0.0289) and intake per 1000 kcal (118 vs. 41 mg/1000 kcal; p = 0.0194). Similar association for constipation was observed in the case of energy value of diet and protein intake, but only for proanthocyanidins intake, it was confirmed in the logistic regression model (p = 0.0183; OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02). The positive influence of habitual dietary intake of proanthocyanidins was confirmed in the studied group of patients with ulcerative colitis in remission, as this intake may have increased the production of mucus, which is beneficial for intestinal healing, and may have reduced the frequency of bowel movements. However, further experimental human studies are necessary to confirm the potential influence of proanthocyanidins intake in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission.

Dietary proanthocyanidins promote localized antioxidant responses in porcine pulmonary and gastrointestinal tissues during Ascaris suum ‐induced type 2 inflammation

“…PAC exert strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cellular models, 2,3 and are able to modulate various physiological parameters when consumed as part of the diet, such as increasing mucus production in human patients with ulcerative colitis, and alleviating inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathways. 4,5 Another consistent outcome of dietary PAC supplementation is the alteration of gut microbiota (GM) composition, which has been observed in both murine and porcine models, with some evidence also from human studies. [6][7][8][9][10] PAC have been shown to increase the abundance of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium species, which are commonly associated with a healthy gut environment, as well as increasing levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as propionic acid.…”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that PAC play an important role in the regulation of immune function and may offer therapeutic potential towards inflammatory intestinal diseases. PAC exert strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in cellular models, 2,3 and are able to modulate various physiological parameters when consumed as part of the diet, such as increasing mucus production in human patients with ulcerative colitis, and alleviating inflammation in TNBS‐induced colitis by inhibiting NF‐kB signaling pathways 4,5 . Another consistent outcome of dietary PAC supplementation is the alteration of gut microbiota (GM) composition, which has been observed in both murine and porcine models, with some evidence also from human studies 6–10 .…”

“…2. 4 | DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing DNA from small and large intestine samples was extracted using Bead-Beat Micro AX Gravity Kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) as per manufacturer's instructions. The DNA purity and concentration were determined by NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and Qubit™ 1x dsDNA high sensitivity kit on Varioskan Flash (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), respectively.…”

(Poly)phenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review

“…Lack of abdominal pain was significantly associated with higher dietary daidzein and total isoflavones; however, there was no difference in abdominal pain with higher dietary proanthocyanidins [ 66 ]. Lack of constipation was significantly associated with lower dietary glycitein [ 66 ] and higher dietary proanthocyaninidins were significantly associated with constipation [ 65 ]. Extra virgin olive oil administration resulted in a significant reduction in reports of constipation [ 47 ].…”

Dietary Proanthocyanidins Exert Localized Immunomodulatory Effects in Porcine Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Tissues duringAscaris suum-induced Type 2 inflammation

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that PAC play an important role in the regulation of immune function and may offer therapeutic potential towards inflammatory intestinal diseases. PAC exert strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cellular models 6,7 , and are able to modulate various physiological parameters when consumed as part of the diet, such as increasing mucus production in human patients with ulcerative colitis, and alleviating inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathways 8,9 . Another consistent outcome of dietary PAC supplementation is changes in gut microbiota (GM) composition, which has been observed in both murine and porcine models, with some evidence also from human studies [10][11][12][13][14] .…”