There is no Landauer Limit: Experimental tests of the Landauer principle

Snider, Gregory L.; Blair, Enrique P.; Thorpe, Cameron C.; Appleton, Brian T.; Boechler, Graham P.; Orlov, Alexei O.; Lent, Craig S.

doi:10.1109/nano.2012.6321923

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This may be done in the adiabatic limit, leading to arbitrarily low energy dissipation. For example, when bit erasures are performed reversibly, dissipation may be reduced to below k B T ln 2, a result consistent with Landauer's principle [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Indeed, this result may be generalized beyond erasures: any calculation may be made reversible by keeping a copy of all inputs [24].…”

Section: Overview Of Qcamentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Since the action of the binary wire is clocked rather than ballistic, we refer to this as a shift register. In the shift register -or any circuit in which the bit released along the trailing edge is a copy of the adjacent bit closer to the interior of an active domain (erasure with a copy)-erasures may be performed adiabatically, returning the bit energy to the clock and dissipating arbitrarily low amounts of power [11,23,28].…”

Section: The Straight Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Blair

Lent

2018

JLPEA

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. Here, classical bits are encoded on the charge configuration of individual computing primitives known as “cells.” A cell is a system of quantum dots with a few mobile charges. Device switching occurs through quantum mechanical inter-dot charge tunneling, and devices are interconnected via the electrostatic field. QCA devices are implemented using arrays of QCA cells. A molecular implementation of QCA may support THz-scale clocking or better at room temperature. Molecular QCA may be clocked using an applied electric field, known as a clocking field. A time-varying clocking field may be established using an array of conductors. The clocking field determines the flow of data and calculations. Various arrangements of clocking conductors are laid out, and the resulting electric field is simulated. It is shown that that control of molecular QCA can enable feedback loops, memories, planar circuit crossings, and versatile circuit grids that support feedback and memory, as well as data flow in any of the ordinal grid directions. Logic, interconnect and memory now become indistinguishable, and the von Neumann bottleneck is avoided.

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Section: Overview Of Qcamentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: The Straight Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Blair

Lent

2018

JLPEA

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“…It is in erasing such information that dissipation [54,71,75] and irreversibility creep in, restoring the second law; this is known as Landauer's Principle. This creation of heat through information erasure has been experimentally verified [76][77][78], and it has also been shown that if the information storage is entirely reversible then a vanishing amount of heat is dissipated [77,79].…”

Section: The Role Of Quantum Informationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Perspective on quantum thermodynamics

2016

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Classical thermodynamics is unrivalled in its range of applications and relevance to everyday life. It enables a description of complex systems, made up of microscopic particles, in terms of a small number of macroscopic quantities, such as work and entropy. As systems get ever smaller, fluctuations of these quantities become increasingly relevant, prompting the development of stochastic thermodynamics. Recently we have seen a surge of interest in exploring the quantum regime, where the origin of fluctuations is quantum rather than thermal. Many questions, such as the role of entanglement and the emergence of thermalisation, lie wide open. Answering these questions may lead to the development of quantum heat engines and refrigerators, as well as to vitally needed simple descriptions of quantum many-body systems.

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“…On the other hand, it has been shown 8 that modern CMOS architectures cannot operate at such low switching energies due to prohibitively high expenses associated with the necessity to compensate for thermally induced errors. In fact, the minimal switching energy of a realistic FET transistor that guarantees error-free lifetime circuit operation is on the order of E s ¼ 100k B T. [8][9][10] Thus, for realistic transistors that operate sufficiently far from the Landauer limit, Zhirnov's estimate is not relevant, since x min ¼ h= ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi 2m e k B T100 p % 0:12 nm at 300 K, which is on the order of atomic size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fundamental downscaling limit of field effect transistors

Mamaluy

Gao

2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We predict that within next 15 years a fundamental down-scaling limit for CMOS technology and other Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) will be reached. Specifically, we show that at room temperatures all FETs, irrespective of their channel material, will start experiencing unacceptable level of thermally induced errors around 5-nm gate lengths. These findings were confirmed by performing quantum mechanical transport simulations for a variety of 6-, 5-, and 4-nm gate length Si devices, optimized to satisfy high-performance logic specifications by ITRS. Different channel materials and wafer/channel orientations have also been studied; it is found that altering channel-source-drain materials achieves only insignificant increase in switching energy, which overall cannot sufficiently delay the approaching downscaling limit. Alternative possibilities are discussed to continue the increase of logic element densities for room temperature operation below the said limit.

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There is no Landauer Limit: Experimental tests of the Landauer principle

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Perspective on quantum thermodynamics

The fundamental downscaling limit of field effect transistors

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