Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate activated via addition of NiO nanocrystals

Origin of the efficient catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate over (2−1−10) facets of ZnO nanosheets: surface lattice oxygen

“…In our previous work, the ZnO nanosheets exposed with more (0001) facets exhibited a better catalytic property than other structures. 13 Also, it is found that HClO 4 facets and NH 3 gas (the other intermediate of AP decomposition) preferentially adsorbed on the non-polar facets, [14][15][16] such as (2À1À10) and (10À10), with hydrogen bonds forming between H atoms and the adjacent O atoms as shown in Scheme 1(a). It is traditionally considered that NH 3 gas is oxidized by the active oxygen anions [17][18][19][20][21] which are diffused from the (0001) facets as shown in Scheme 1(b).…”

“…Ammonium perchlorate is a traditional oxidizer in composite solid propellant, and its thermal decomposition highly inuences the combustion properties of rocket composite solid propellants. 1,2 To enhance its thermal decomposition properties, various kinds of metal oxides, such as Fe 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , CuO, NiO, and ZnO, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] have been used to catalyze its thermal decomposition. The catalytic mechanism has also been investigated and two assumptions are proposed.…”

Synthesis of CuS by elemental-direct-reaction in a reline deep eutectic solvent and its catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

“…For pure AP, an endothermic peak was observed at about 249°C, which is assigned to the crystallographic transition of AP from orthorhombic to cubic crystal [36]. With the temperature increasing, AP underwent two complicated decomposition stages [37], a low temperature stage at 340°C and a high temperature stage at 455°C. Compared Fig.…”

Preparation and Application of La2O3 and CuO Nano Particles as Catalysts for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

“…Ammonium perchlorate or AP contains ammonium cation (NH 4 + ) and perchlorate anion (ClO 4 À ). The high oxygen content and the proper thermal stability of this inorganic salt are accountable for its extensive application as an interesting oxidant in solid propellants of rockets and pyrotechnic formulations [15][16][17]. By addition of metal oxides to AP as a burning rate modifier, its burning rate is effectually modified [18][19][20][21].…”