“…With the advent of heterogeneous and hybrid integration in optoelectronic packages, component density on PICs is increasing to accommodate complex functionalities. The increasing number of temperature-sensitive photonic components, such as ring resonators, SOAs, III–V lasers, and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), which are employed to access those functionalities, make the thermal management of PICs an essential part of the packaging design. , Many of these have a very narrow temperature operation window (15–35 °C), requiring precise control. Moreover, as the power demand driven by applications such as artificial intelligence (AI), high-performance computing (HPC), datacenters, and telecom is constantly increasing, lowering the power consumption and effective heat removal from the optoelectronic package are the two central challenges for the robust and reliable operation of PICs.…”