Thermal performance of batch boiling water targets for 18F production

Peeples, Johanna Louise; Stokely, Matthew Hughes; Doster, J. Michael

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.06.015

Cited by 15 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As a result, the design must mitigate the additional resistance to heat transfer resulting from use of relatively low thermal conductivity refractory metals. This design optimization process, as well as the characterization of the heat transfer coefficients at the target medium to chamber wall interface, has been presented in previous work (Peeples, 2008; Stokely, 2008; Peeples et al, 2011). Other design features, including considerations specific to operation on an RDS-111/Eclipse, have been presented in previous work (Stokely et al, 2010).…”

Section: Rds-112 Target Upgradementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

Peeples

Stokely

Poorman

et al. 2015

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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A high power [F-18]fluoride target package for the RDS-112 cyclotron has been designed, tested, and commercially deployed. The upgrade includes the CF-1000 target, a 1.3 kW water target with an established commercial history on RDS-111/Eclipse cyclotrons, and a redesigned collimator with improved heat rejection capabilities. Conjugate heat transfer analyses were employed to both evaluate the existing collimator capabilities and design a suitable high current replacement.

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Section: Rds-112 Target Upgradementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

Peeples

Stokely

Poorman

et al. 2015

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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“…This was selected to determine the sensitivity of these geometry parameters, and for validation and refinement of the computational models [11][12][13][14][15]. The models predicted an increase in total heat transfer of 10-15%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

150 μA 18F− target and beam port upgrade for the IBA 18/9 cyclotron

Stokely¹,

Peeples²,

Poorman³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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confidence: 99%

“…The radionuclide 15 O is a positron emitter with a half-life of 122.24 s. The versatility and simplicity of the chemical forms of 15 15 O-CO 2 , and, perhaps most importantly, 15 O-H 2 O) combined with its large fraction of positron decay have led to numerous uses in PET imaging research (1)(2)(3). It has been used for applications in neurology, cardiology, and oncology to evaluate oxygen consumption, lung perfusion, blood distribution, blood flow, and myocardial perfusion using 15 O-H 2 O (1-5). Current means for the production of 15 O typically require a proton or deuteron accelerator, with the most common pathway of production being via the 14 N(d,n) 15 O reaction using a nitrogen gas target and producing 15 O in the form of 15 (1,3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been used for applications in neurology, cardiology, and oncology to evaluate oxygen consumption, lung perfusion, blood distribution, blood flow, and myocardial perfusion using 15 O-H 2 O (1-5). Current means for the production of 15 O typically require a proton or deuteron accelerator, with the most common pathway of production being via the 14 N(d,n) 15 O reaction using a nitrogen gas target and producing 15 O in the form of 15 (1,3,4). Production of 15 O with protons has also been described using the reactions 15 N(p,n) 15 O or 16 O(p,pn) 15 O (1,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction

et al. 2018

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15 O (half-life, 122 s) is a useful radionuclide for PET applications. Current production of 15 O typically makes use of the 14 N(d,n) 15 O, 15 N(p,n) 15 O, or 16 O(p,pn) 15 O reactions using an accelerator. A novel approach for the production of 15 O is via the 16 O(γ,n) 15 O reaction using an electron linear accelerator. Photonuclear reactions using an electron linear accelerator may allow for feasible and economical production of 15 O compared with the current methods. Methods: In this work, experiments using a repurposed Clinac were conducted using oxygen-containing alumina as a target material to study the production rate of 15 O. Additional studies were conducted using a water target cell. Simulations using Geant4 were conducted to predict the activity and power dissipation in the target. Results: Bremsstrahlung radiation from the electron beam, and consequently 15 O production via photonuclear reactions, is enhanced when a high-Z material, tungsten, is placed in front of the target. The alumina irradiations provided preliminary data to optimize the beam parameters and target configuration. The optimal thickness of tungsten was 1.4 mm for both the simulated and the measured studies of alumina. Simulations of irradiated water targets showed that tungsten thicker than 1.4 mm resulted in fewer photons available to activate the water; thus, a higher current was required to achieve a fixed dose. Alternatively, for a constant tungsten thickness, more power was deposited in the target with increasing beam energy, requiring a lower current to achieve a fixed dose. Actual irradiations of a water target yielded a quantity of 15 O in the water that was consistent with expectations based on irradiations of alumina. Conclusion: Several parameters should be considered regarding the photonuclear production of 15 O for an average patient dose of 1,850 MBq (50 mCi) in 10 mL. This work illustrates a variety of machine parameters capable of achieving a reasonable patient dose. Our simulations show that the power deposited in the target for these parameters is less than that in commercially operated cyclotron targets for the production of 18 F. Thus, this work demonstrates that the photonuclear production of 15 O may be a new production path for this useful radionuclide.

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Thermal performance of batch boiling water targets for 18F production

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

150 μA 18F− target and beam port upgrade for the IBA 18/9 cyclotron

Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction

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Thermal performance of batch boiling water targets for 18F production

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

Simulation, design, and testing of a high power collimator for the RDS-112 cyclotron

150 μA 18F− target and beam port upgrade for the IBA 18/9 cyclotron

Production of 15O for Medical Applications via the 16O(γ,n)15O Reaction

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Product

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Production of ¹⁵O for Medical Applications via the ¹⁶O(γ,n)¹⁵O Reaction