Thermal performance of direct two-phase refrigerant cooling for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles

Hong, Sun Hwa; Jang, Dong Soo; Park, Seonggi; Yun, Sungho; Kim, Yongchan

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115213

Cited by 121 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because of these stringent requirements, this method is still in the research stage. There are some other forms of cooling methods used in some EV models; one of them is the refrigerant based cooling [19] which is a sub-class of the liquid cooling system. The refrigerant coolant allows for flow precisely through the cell inside the attached cooling plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

2020

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The design of an optimized thermal management system for Li-ion batteries has challenges because of their stringent operating temperature limit and thermal runaway, which may lead to an explosion. In this paper, an optimized cooling system is proposed for kW scale Li-ion battery stack. A comparative study of the existing cooling systems; air cooling and liquid cooling respectively, has been carried out on three cell stack 70Ah LiFePO4 battery at a high discharging rate of 2C. It has been found that the liquid cooling is more efficient than air cooling as the peak temperature of the battery stack gets reduced by 30.62% using air cooling whereas using the liquid cooling method it gets reduced by 38.40%. The performance of the liquid cooling system can further be improved if the contact area between the coolant and battery stack is increased. Therefore, in this work, an immersion-based liquid cooling system has been designed to ensure the maximum heat dissipation. The battery stack having a peak temperature of 49.76 °C at 2C discharging rate is reduced by 44.87% to 27.43 °C after using the immersion-based cooling technique. The proposed thermal management scheme is generalized and thus can be very useful for scalable Li-ion battery storage applications also.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

2020

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“…Based on heat transfer media, TMS can be roughly divided into air-cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM) cooling, and direct cooling systems. 38,39…”

Section: Battery Thermal Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually, the refrigerant will flow into the cooling plate and complete a cycle. 38 The outstanding advantage of the direct cooling system is its high efficiency, which comes from the thermodynamic cycling characteristics. At the same time, direct cooling TMS can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of the batteries and maintain good temperature consistency.…”

Section: Direct Cooling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

et al. 2020

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The rapid growth of transportation demand has been enlarged strongly which has promoted electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, the inconsistencies within the battery pack will deteriorate over the lifecycle and affect the performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, various thermal management systems and equalization systems have been applied in battery management system to deal with the inconsistencies, extend battery service life, and improve safety performance. This review summarizes the origination of inconsistency within lithium-ion batteries from production to usage process, and then introduces the classification methods and application scenarios of the balance management system in detail. Based on the circuit topology, equalization systems can be classified into passive and active topologies. Active topologies

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“…To use the refrigerant cooling method, BTM is usually coupled with the vehicle air-condition system. 16,17 To reduce weight and save space, vehicle manufacturers focus mainly on system composition design. [18][19][20] LG Chem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, He et al 28 proposed a scheme to control the inlet and outlet temperatures of R134a with a capacity of 7.8 kW with a dual compressor cooling system. They demonstrated that with an inlet temperature in the range of 280-283 K and the outlet temperature in the range of 282-286 K, an average battery-core temperature could be maintained below 301 K. 28 In 2020, Hong et al 16 analyzed the capacity and maximum temperature of an aging battery using refrigerant two-phase cooling and showed that it can provide 16.1% higher battery capacity and satisfied temperature limit of 318 K. In 2020, Wei et al 29 analyzed battery surface temperature and temperature uniformity variation with the inlet mass flow rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural design and its thermal management performance for battery modules based on refrigerant cooling method

2020

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Summary The structural design of a refrigerant plate and its flow property affect the thermal management performance of a battery. This study, aimed at improving the cooling and thermal uniformity based on the R134a cooling method, analyzed the flow resistance of the plate, temperature, and heat‐transfer coefficient of the top board of eight types (type A‐G) by the computational fluid dynamics method. By trade‐off between flow resistance and heat‐transfer efficiency, we determined the optimal type G plate with a modest pressure difference of 1670.6 Pa and the highest heat‐transfer coefficient of 810.8 W/(m2 K). In addition, the relationship between the operating parameters and temperature variation in battery modules and its uniformity has also been analyzed. The results indicate that with this novel cooling method, temperature uniformity of battery modules can be maintained within 5 K at 2C discharging rate. Both increasing inlet R134a flow rate and decreasing evaporative pressure obviously increase the temperature decrease rate of battery modules. With the inlet R134a mass flux ranging from 245 to 490 kg/(m2 s), the evaporative pressure ranging from 412 530 to 291 220 Pa, and the subcooling degree ranging from 0 to 4 K, the battery temperature can be maintained under 300 K. In conclusion, this study develops the guidelines for battery thermal management based on refrigerant cooling, which has a promising application foreground due to its good thermal control performance, flow resistance saving, and lightweight.

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Thermal performance of direct two-phase refrigerant cooling for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles

Cited by 121 publications

References 44 publications

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

Design of an Optimized Thermal Management System for Li-Ion Batteries under Different Discharging Conditions

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

Structural design and its thermal management performance for battery modules based on refrigerant cooling method

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