Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells

Abstract

High efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells have been fabricated on glass substrates by thermal evaporation of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S. Solar cells with up to 6.8% efficiency were obtained with absorber layer thicknesses less than 1 μm and annealing times in the minutes. Detailed electrical analysis of the devices indicate that the performance of the devices is limited by high series resistance, a “double diode” behavior of the current voltage characteristics, and an open circuit voltage that is limited by a carrier recombination process with an activation energy below the band gap of the material.

Comparative study of the luminescence and intrinsic point defects in the kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4and chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2Romero1, Du2, Teeter3 et al. 2011Phys. Rev. B20451220View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…Zn-rich (Zn/Sn ~ 1.36), which is consistent with the stoichiometry of the best CZTS solar cells reported in the literature [11,12]. The Cu/(In+Ga) ratio for our reference CIGS is ~ 0.9 and the Ga/(In+Ga) ~ 0.3, as required for record performance [13].…”

Real-time observation of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell absorber layer formation from nanoparticle precursors

“…8 Even though the efficiencies reached with these approaches are still behind the highest efficiencies reached with CZTSSe (11.1 % 9 ), a synthesis via the nanoparticle route is attractive for low-cost solar module production. A main advantage of the deposition of nanoparticle inks over other deposition processes used for the synthesis of CZTSSe films -such as sputtering, 10,11 thermal evaporation, [12][13][14][15] or pulsed laser deposition 16 -is that neither a vacuum is needed for the deposition of the precursor film, nor does it rely on toxic solvents.…”

Structural diversity and electronic properties of Cu2SnX3(X=S, Se): A fir

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Due to the increased number of elements in the materials, their synthesis is relatively more difficult than for binary and ternary semiconductors 7,8 because more secondary phases like ZnS, Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS), ZnSe and Cu 2 SnSe 3 (CTSe) may coexist in the samples. 9,10 The coexistence of these secondary phase compounds will inevitably influence the electrical and optical properties of CZTS and CZTSe samples, which have been observed experimentally and taken as the reason for the scattering of the measured properties.…”