Thermally stimulated small polaron promoted conduction mechanism in Fe-doped La0.7Sm0.3CrO3

Reduction in thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of indium and tellurium co-doped bismuth selenide thermoelectric system

“…8. Thermally activated hopping polarons are responsible for the conduction mechanism in high-temperature region [46]. As the impurities are introduced to the lattice, there is an increase in the activation energy of samples due to the addition of extra energy levels.…”

Thermoelectric properties of co-doped (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3 /reduced graphene oxide composites prepared by solid-state reaction

“…9) shows hopping of electrons between the nearest localized sites between 30 -130 K. Electron hopping is the main mechanism of the conduction below 130 K, which takes place in a very narrow energy band around the chemical potential. Due to the electronic states, electrons are localized in this potential level [38]. The slope is used to calculate the characteristic temperature (Tₒ) and pre-exponential factor (ρ o ), which are presented in Table 3.…”