Thermochemical characterisation of agricultural wastes from West Africa

Pyrolysis of Parinari polyandra Benth fruit shell for bio-oil production

“…Although, the seed oil is considered not edible, it has been found to be suitable for preparation of alkyd resins of desirable properties (Odetoye et al, 2013a. The fruit shell, being a major waste generated from the seed oil utilization, has been previously characterized (Odetoye et al, 2013b;Titiloye et al, 2013). As reported in our previous work, the thermochemical properties obtained for parinari fruit shell determined using ASTM standard methods including ultimate, inorganic, and proximate analyses as well as the higher heating value of 20.5 MJ/kg were positive indicators for bio-oil production as shown in Table 1.…”

“…The relatively higher temperature required for the parinari biomass to decompose into favorable liquid product may be due to the high lignin concentration of 30 wt. % yielding phenols and phenolic compounds (Kim et al, 2012;Titiloye et al, 2013).…”

Cocoa Shell Waste Biofilaments for 3D Printing Applications

“…[25,26,44] Due to thermal elimination of adsorbed moisture, TGA curve of micronized CSW showed an initial 7% weight loss at 100 °C. [42,48] After that, micronized CSW displayed two mass loss steps that include decomposition of hemicellulose at 260 °C (T 2 ) and the simultaneous pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin at 305 °C (T 3 ). [35,48,49] As shown in Figure 5b, the biofilaments containing micronized CSW also showed different weight loss values prior to 100 °C due to elimination of moisture.…”

“…[42,48] After that, micronized CSW displayed two mass loss steps that include decomposition of hemicellulose at 260 °C (T 2 ) and the simultaneous pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin at 305 °C (T 3 ). [35,48,49] As shown in Figure 5b, the biofilaments containing micronized CSW also showed different weight loss values prior to 100 °C due to elimination of moisture. [42,48] The CSW bio filaments underwent all three different previously identified degradation steps (T 1 , T 2 and T 3 ) attributed to PCL and CSW.…”

“…[35,48,49] As shown in Figure 5b, the biofilaments containing micronized CSW also showed different weight loss values prior to 100 °C due to elimination of moisture. [42,48] The CSW bio filaments underwent all three different previously identified degradation steps (T 1 , T 2 and T 3 ) attributed to PCL and CSW. These degradation steps are summarized in Figure 5c.…”