Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: Fundamentals, challenges and considerations

Syed‐Hassan, Syed Shatir A.; Wang, Lele; Hu, Song

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.262

Cited by 504 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…116,117 Thermal valorization of sludge offers not only massive volume reduction, but also effective pathogens destruction and recovery of valuable nutrients and metals, which reduces the negative impact of sludge on the environment. 118 Despite the benefits of thermal valorization of sludge, the processes still have to consider the potential effect on greenhouse gases emissions, odor and local impact. 14 Economic assessment of sludge valorization strategies is another aspect that deserves discussion.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Sludge Valorization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the process of sludge composting faces the environmental risks as follows: presence of heavy metals and complex compounds, N loss, odour during the process and the generation of leachate . Thermal valorization of sludge offers not only massive volume reduction, but also effective pathogens destruction and recovery of valuable nutrients and metals, which reduces the negative impact of sludge on the environment . Despite the benefits of thermal valorization of sludge, the processes still have to consider the potential effect on greenhouse gases emissions, odor and local impact …”

Section: Strategies Of Sludge Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Sheng

Zhang

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Sludge is regarded as a potential source to achieve valorization via strategies such as resource recovery, sludge based adsorbents preparation, bioflucculants production, sludge manufacturing construction materials preparation, sludge composting and thermal valorization, which are currently common and effective strategies. Appropriate treatment strategies of sludge are of great importance worldwide for the fast growing population and rapidly increasing waste. This mini review summarized some widely used and effective strategies to achieve sludge valorization based on whether the strategy would utilize or reuse the potential of sludge to obtain valuable product and eliminate secondary pollution. Anaerobic digestion of sludge is perceived as a potentially cost‐effective method to achieve sludge reduction and resource recovery including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus resource recovery coupled with other technologies. Utilizing sludge as raw material for preparation of valuable products including sludge based adsorbents, bioflocculants and construction materials is another aspect to achieve sludge valorization. Sludge composting and thermal valorization are also introduced in the mini review since the two strategies could also achieve sludge valorization. In addition, the strategies mentioned were discussed and analyzed in the mini review from environmental and economic aspects. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussion Of the Sludge Valorization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies Of Sludge Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Sheng

Zhang

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Subsequently, the temperature becomes constant and equal to the wet-bulb temperature. In the end, the temperature inside the sample rises until it reaches the chamber temperature [25,30]. According to the temperature profile in Figure 4a, it is possible to notice that at 70 • C, the temperature inside the solid was about 44 • C until moisture reached 50% and then rose to 65 • C when 30% of moisture had been reached.…”

Section: Sanitation Effect Of Thermal Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Thermal Drying and Chemical Treatments with Wastes on Microbiological Contamination Indicators in Sewage Sludge

Santos

Matos

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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This work aims to evaluate the microbiological contamination of sewage sludge (SS) collected in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) from Portugal. Two types of SS were considered: urban mixed (UM) and from anaerobic digestion (AD). The two types of samples were characterized in relation to the main physical and chemical parameters, as well as the microbiological contamination (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp). Then, sanitation tests were conducted through thermal drying and chemical treatments. Towards a circular economy, industrial alkaline wastes (green liquor dregs -GLD, lime mud, coal fly ash, eggshell) were tested as alternatives to lime. Only six out of nineteen samples complied with the legal limits for both microorganisms. However, drying at 130 • C sanitized selected samples below the E. coli limit, regardless of the initial moisture or contamination. Additionally, CaO (obtained from eggshell) led to the complete elimination of E. coli at any dosage studied (0.05-0.15 g/g SS wet basis ). GLD evidenced the ability to reduce E. coli contamination at room temperature, but not enough to comply with the legal limit. In general, this work highlights the need to sanitize the SS before its application to the soil, and the positive role of some wastes on this goal.

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“…The presence of sulfur compounds in fossil fuels including crude oil, biogas, and natural gas leads to the emission of most prevalent pollutants to the atmosphere in the form of flue gas after the combustion of these fossil fuels for the purpose of energy production. [1,2] Beyond the combustion of fossil fuels for energy production, the sulfur compounds are also produced from the industrial crude oil refining processes. [3,4] The atmospheric emissions of flue gas contaminated with sulfur compounds lead to the rivers pollutions, acid rains, plant demolition, and severe health concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on the regeneration of desulfurized 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl₄] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] ionic liquids: A raman spectroscopic study

Ullah

Bustam

Al‐Sehemi

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The room temperature and task‐specific ionic liquids nowadays have been investigated widely for the removal of sulfur compounds from the natural gas streams. However, the major challenge is the recovery of the desulfurized ionic liquids, which need some significant developments. In this study, two magnetic ionic liquids including the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl4] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] were investigated for their interaction with the sulfur‐rich compound, that is, dibenzothiophene. The ionic liquids samples were desulfurized and then regenerated with the co‐solvent hexane. The samples were characterized and investigated with the analytical techniques including the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and detailed analysis by Raman spectroscopy. The desulfurization results demonstrated that there is no significant influence of the dibenzothiophene molecules on the basic structures of ionic liquids. The regeneration results revealed that the high polarity of the co‐solvent hexane successfully dissolve the dibenzothiophene and efficiently separated from the ionic liquids. Hence, the work present here in this study could be applied for the extractive removal of sulfur compounds from ionic liquids for their regeneration using high polarity co‐solvent hexane.

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Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: Fundamentals, challenges and considerations

Cited by 504 publications

References 284 publications

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Effect of Thermal Drying and Chemical Treatments with Wastes on Microbiological Contamination Indicators in Sewage Sludge

Experimental investigations on the regeneration of desulfurized 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl₄] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] ionic liquids: A raman spectroscopic study

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Thermochemical processing of sewage sludge to energy and fuel: Fundamentals, challenges and considerations

Cited by 504 publications

References 284 publications

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Strategies of valorization of sludge from wastewater treatment

Effect of Thermal Drying and Chemical Treatments with Wastes on Microbiological Contamination Indicators in Sewage Sludge

Experimental investigations on the regeneration of desulfurized 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl4] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] ionic liquids: A raman spectroscopic study

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Experimental investigations on the regeneration of desulfurized 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl₄] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] ionic liquids: A raman spectroscopic study