Thermodynamics of growth non-equilibrium thermodynamics of bacterial growth the phenomenological and the Mosaic approach

Westerhoff, Hans V.; Lolkema, Juke S.; Otto, R.; Hellingwerf, Klaas J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4173(82)90001-5

Cited by 133 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Maintaining a high flux of the carbon and energy source is probably a characteristic feature of soil microorganisms (Teixeira de Mattos & Neijssel, 1997). High metabolic fluxes serve as an adaptation to low nutrient concentrations in order to maximize the growth rate (Westerhoff et al, 1982). A high flux means that the energetic efficiency of the overall metabolism is lowered (Teixeira de Mattos & Neijssel, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamically viewed, a high flux is coupled with a lower efficiency of energy conversion (Teixeira de Mattos & Neijssel, 1997 ;Westerhoff et al, 1982). This could, in principle, explain an uncoupling of catabolism and anabolism at high rates of carbon flux (Westerhoff et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could, in principle, explain an uncoupling of catabolism and anabolism at high rates of carbon flux (Westerhoff et al, 1982). However, it is not clear if this conceptwhich has been developed from physically coupled flows, such as oxidative phosphorylation (Stucki, 1980) -can be applied to the uncoupling of catabolism and anabolism, where the mechanistic kind of coupling is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efflux of organic acids in Penicillium simplicissimum is an energy-spilling process, adjusting the catabolic carbon flow to the nutrient supply and the activity of catabolic pathways

Gallmetzer

Burgstaller

2002

Microbiology

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Continuous cultivation was used to study the effect of glucose, ammonium, nitrate or phosphate limitation on the excretion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates by Penicillium simplicissimum. Additionally, the effect of benzoic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and 2,4-dinitrophenol on TCA cycle intermediates was studied. The physiological state of the fungus was characterized by its glucose and O 2 consumption, its CO 2 production, its intraand extracellular concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates, as well as by its biomass yield, its maintenance coefficient and its respiratory quotient. The excretion of TCA cycle intermediates was observed during ammonium-, nitrateand phosphate-limited growth. The highest productivity was found with phosphate-limited growth. The respiratory quotient was 13 under ammonium limitation and 07 under phosphate limitation. Citrate was always the main excreted intermediate. This justifies calling this excretion an energy-spilling process, because citrate excretion avoids the synthesis of too much NADH. The addition of benzoic acid further increased the excretion of TCA cycle intermediates by ammonium-limited hyphae. A SHAM-sensitive respiration was constitutively present during ammonium-limited growth of the fungus. The sum of the excreted organic acids was negatively correlated with the biomass yield (Y GlcX ).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efflux of organic acids in Penicillium simplicissimum is an energy-spilling process, adjusting the catabolic carbon flow to the nutrient supply and the activity of catabolic pathways

Gallmetzer

Burgstaller

2002

Microbiology

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“…Different models have been proposed to describe the growth kinetics of a microbial population growing with a single limiting substrate. Statistical analysis by Senn et al (1994) has shown that out of several tested models, the three models of Monod (1942), Shehata & Marr (1971) and Westerhoff et al (1982) described their experimental data equally well. The Monod model describes the relationship between µ and s (substrate concentration) by a type of saturation kinetics :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The apparent clock-like evolution of Escherichia coli in glucose-limited chemostats is reproducible at large but not at small population sizes and can be explained with Monod kinetics

2002

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To follow and model evolution of a microbial population in the chemostat, parameters are needed that give an indication of the absolute extent of evolution at a high resolution of time. In this study the evolution of the maximum specific growth rate (µ max ) and the residual glucose concentration was followed for populations of Escherichia coli K-12 under glucose-limited conditions at dilution rates of 01 h N1 , 03 h N1 and 053 h N1 during 500-700 h in continuous culture. Whereas µ max improved only during the initial 150 h, the residual glucose concentration decreased constantly during 500 h of cultivation and therefore served as a convenient parameter to monitor the evolution of a population at a high time resolution with respect to its affinity for the growthlimiting substrate. The evolution of residual glucose concentrations was reproducible in independent chemostats with a population size of 10 11 cells, whereas no reproducibility was found in chemostats containing 10 7 cells. A model based on Monod kinetics assuming successive take-overs of mutants with improved kinetic parameters (primarily K s ) was able to simulate the experimentally observed evolution of residual glucose concentrations. Similar values for the increase in glucose affinity of mutant phenotypes (K s(mutant) 06WK s(parent) ) and similar mutation rates per cell per generation leading to these mutant phenotypes (1-5W10 N7 ) were estimated in silico for all dilution rates. The model predicts a maximum rate of evolution at a dilution rate slightly below µ max /2. With increasing and decreasing dilution rates the evolution slows down, which also explains why in special cases a selectiondriven evolution can exhibit apparent clock-like behaviour. The glucose affinity for WT cells was dependent on the dilution rate with highest values at dilution rates around µ max /2. Below 03 h N1 poorer affinity was mainly due to the effects of rpoS.

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“…For a historical review of different models for microbial growth kinetics, see Jannasch & Egli (1993); for a comparison of different growth models, see Button (1993). Many of these models are very similar to the Monod model, but might contain additional parameters, such as the Moser (1958) and Contois (1959) models, while others are fundamentally different, such as the Blackman (1905), Teissier (1936) (also known as the exponential model) and logarithmic models (Westerhoff et al, 1982). While some attempts have been made to give a mechanistic interpretation of the Monod constant, these were never really successful (Liu, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of specific growth rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2009

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In this contribution we resolve the long-standing dispute whether or not the Monod constant (K S ), describing the overall affinity of an organism for its growth-limiting substrate, can be related to the affinity of the transporter for that substrate (K M ). We show how this can be done via the control of the transporter on the specific growth rate; they are identical if the transport step has full control. The analysis leads to the counter-intuitive result that the affinity of an organism for its substrate is expected to be higher than the affinity of the enzyme that facilitates its transport. Experimentally, we show this indeed to be the case for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for which we determined a K M value for glucose more than two times higher than the K S value in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Moreover, we calculated that at glucose concentrations of 0.03 and 0.29 mM, the transport step controls the specific growth rate at 78 and 49 %, respectively.

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Thermodynamics of growth non-equilibrium thermodynamics of bacterial growth the phenomenological and the Mosaic approach

Cited by 133 publications

References 67 publications

Efflux of organic acids in Penicillium simplicissimum is an energy-spilling process, adjusting the catabolic carbon flow to the nutrient supply and the activity of catabolic pathways

Efflux of organic acids in Penicillium simplicissimum is an energy-spilling process, adjusting the catabolic carbon flow to the nutrient supply and the activity of catabolic pathways

The apparent clock-like evolution of Escherichia coli in glucose-limited chemostats is reproducible at large but not at small population sizes and can be explained with Monod kinetics

Control of specific growth rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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