Thermoperiodic Effects on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Wheat and Other Crop Plants

Friend, D. J. C.; Helson, V. A.

doi:10.1086/336844

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…When using a wide range of constant temperatures that included 20, 25, 30, and 35°C, as well as the corresponding daily fluctuating temperature difference of 10°C for each of the constant temperatures, shoot elongation was two‐ to eightfold greater at the fluctuating temperature regimes than at the constant temperature regimes. This response met the criteria for thermoperiodicity, which is the demonstration of greater growth at the alternating temperature regime than at the optimal constant mean temperature (Dale 1964; Friend & Helson 1976). The daily alternating temperatures provided more shoot elongation than constant temperatures did at the same mean temperature for other species, including Easter lily ( Lilium longiflorum Thumb.)…”

Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Tuber Sproutingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Nishimoto

2001

Weed Biology and Management

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Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers remain viable for several years and serve as its principal means of survival. The maintenance of high moisture content is essential to tuber survival. Apical dominance influences bud dormancy within a tuber and in a chain of tubers, and dormancy increases with tuber age. Several growth inhibitors were identified in tubers, but their role in tuber dormancy has not been established. Moisture levels in soil must increase to a critical level before sprouting occurs, but excess soil moisture deters sprouting. Oxygen may be a limiting factor for tuber sprouting in waterlogged soils. Although light is not a requirement for sprouting, it has promoted sprouting. Temperature regulates sprouting; no sprouting occured below 10°C and above 45°C. Optimum sprouting occurred between 25 and 35°C when provided with constant temperatures. However, daily alternating temperatures greatly stimulated sprouting. A daily short duration (0.5 h) of high temperature increased sprouting to nearly 100%, whereas less than 50% sprouting occurred without the daily high temperature pulse. Bud break occurred readily for most tubers at 20°C and in nearly 100% of the tubers with a single 0.5 h exposure to a high temperature (35°C) pulse. However, most buds did not elongate if the tuber remained at 20°C. Bud elongation occurred at higher temperatures, and daily alternating temperatures stimulated shoot elongation up to eightfold greater than at the respective mean constant temperatures. Daily soil temperature fluctuation may be a major signal for purple nutsedge emergence, such as when the plant canopy is removed, or when soils are solarized. Future research is needed to determine tuber sprouting for different ecotypes, and on the role of the rhizome chain. Systems to manipulate sprouting may provide new strategies for purple nutsedge management.

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Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Tuber Sproutingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Nishimoto

2001

Weed Biology and Management

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“…However, daytime temperatures > 40T and nighttime temperatures < 10°C, which occurred regularly in the. first 4 weeks after transplanting, probably depressed dry matter production (Friend & Helson 1976;Slack & Hand 1983). The decreasing effect of the cloche on daily maximum temperatures as crop canopy increased probably reflected the importance of the crop itself as a thermal buffer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melons: Effects of vine pruning and nitrogen on yields and quality

Buwalda

Freeman

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Two melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) cultivars, 'Prince PR' and Tenkei', were grown under PVC cloches at Pukekohe, New Zealand, with nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied at 30 or 120 kg/ha, and with vines pruned to varying extents to modify the total number offruit retained on each plant. Yields and quality of fruit at maturity were determined. Increasing the N application from 30 to 120 kg N/ha increased total fruit yields by 11 % and 28% for 'Prince PR' and 'Tenkei' respectively, and increased marketable yields by 20% and 34%. Largest total fruit yields were recorded where the vines were not pruned. However, average fruit sizes decreased as the number of fruit per plant increased. Highest marketable yields for both cultivars were recorded where four vines per plant were retained. Pruning the vines increased the proportion of marketable yield harvested in the first cut, indicating that fruit maturity was also advanced. None of the treatments significantly affected fruit sugar contents.

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“…The dry weights or Rw of young plants do not exhibit thermoperiodicity (Calvert, 1964;Hussey, 1965;Friend and Helson, 1976), but respond relatively independently to the day and night temperature with an optimum for both at around 25°C (Fig. If the day temperature is sub-optimal and provided the differentials are smaller than about 5°C, a higher night temperature increases the dry weight of 21-day-old tomato plants, but larger differentials reduce growth (Hussey, 1965;Friend and Helson, 1976). The effects of changing night temperature on the rate of increase in dry weight are about half those of changing day temperature, and the interaction between day and night temperatures is small.…”

Section: Capacity Under Constant Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%