Thermospheric Composition and Solar EUV Flux from the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission

Correira, J.; Lumpe, J. D.; Evans, J. Scott; Kyrwonos, Andrey; Veibell, V.; McClintock, William E.; Eastes, R.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10501920.2

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…∑O/N 2 can be derived from the observed O 135.6 nm and N 2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) radiances (Strickland et al., 1999, 2001, 1995). ∑O/N 2 is obtained by integrating densities of O and N 2 from infinity down to an altitude where the column number density of N 2 is 1 × 10 17 /cm 2 and thus it is actually defined on a constant pressure surface with no altitude information (Correira et al., 2020). O and N 2 number densities decrease exponentially with altitude, so the column number densities of O and N 2 at the altitude where the N 2 column number density is 1 × 10 17 /cm 2 is mainly from altitudes immediately above this level (∼140–180 km) (Yu, Ren, Le, et al., 2020; Yu, Ren, Yu, et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Neutral “Tongue” Observed by GOLD During the Geomagnetic Storm on May 11, 2019

et al. 2021

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The response of thermospheric composition to geomagnetic storms has been investigated for several decades. The first such study was carried out by Seaton (1956), who proposed that an increase of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) number density might account for the decrease of electron density during a major storm that took place on January 25, 194925, . Prölss (198025, , 1981 summarized how geomagnetic storms influence the distribution of neutral species in the thermosphere. They suggested that the composition disturbances were restricted to high latitudes in the later afternoon and evening sectors, and the maximum disturbances occurred near the boundary of the auroral zone. The perturbed neutral composition was also found to expand towards mid-and even low-latitudes in the night and early morning sectors. In the early morning sector, there were seasonal variations in the areas of composition disturbance zone in mid and low latitudes. These initial findings have since been validated by a number of observational and modeling studies (Burns et al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Neutral “Tongue” Observed by GOLD During the Geomagnetic Storm on May 11, 2019

et al. 2021

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“…Typical random, systematic, and model uncertainties in the GOLD O/N 2 are about 5%, 5%, and 30%–40%, respectively. Note that the model uncertainty is a bias with an unknown sign (Correira et al., 2021).…”

Section: Data Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the 2 × 2 binned version 3 O/N 2 data, named as ‘Level 2—ON2’ in the GOLD data repository. Also, as the GOLD O/N 2 is not optimized for auroral latitudes (Correira et al., 2021), the latitudes above ±60° are not used in the current analysis. Typical random, systematic, and model uncertainties in the GOLD O/N 2 are about 5%, 5%, and 30%–40%, respectively.…”

Section: Data Models and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Thermosphere Ionosphere in a Whole Atmosphere Model by Assimilating GOLD Disk Temperatures

et al. 2022

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Global‐Scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) disk measurements of far ultraviolet molecular nitrogen band emissions are used to retrieve column integrated disk temperatures (Tdisk), which are representative of the lower‐and‐middle thermosphere. The present work develops a new approach to assimilate the Tdisk in the whole atmosphere community climate model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension using the data assimilation research testbed ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. Nine days of data, 1–9 November 2018, are assimilated. Analysis state variables such as thermospheric effective temperature (Teff, airglow layer integrated temperature), ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen column densities (O/N2), and column electron content are compared with a control simulation that is only constrained up to ∼50 km. It is observed that assimilation of the GOLD Tdisk improves the analysis states when compared with the control simulation. The analysis and model states, particularly, Teff, O/N2, and electron column density (ECD) are compared with their measurement counterparts for a validation of the assimilation. Teff and O/N2 are compared with GOLD Tdisk and O/N2. While, the ECD is compared with ground based total electron content measurements from global navigational satellite system receivers. Root mean square error (RMSE) improvements in Teff and O/N2 are about 10.8% and 22.6%, respectively. The RMSE improvement in analyses ECD is about 10% compared to the control simulation.

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“…Since the peak altitude of emission increases with solar zenith angle (SZA) and neutral temperature increases rapidly with height, there is a weak (<20%) dependence of the GOLD effective temperature on SZA, particularly above ∼60°. GOLD infers

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O/N 2 from atomic oxygen 135.6 nm and molecular nitrogen LBH band emissions (Correira et al., 2020). The disk temperature and

Σ

O/N 2 are not retrieved when the SZA is greater than 80° or the view angle from the local nadir, referred to as the emission angle, is greater than 75°.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Deducing Non‐Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Middle Thermosphere With GOLD Observations of the Earth's far Ultraviolet Dayglow From Geostationary Orbit

et al. 2021

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The temperature and composition of the middle thermosphere change drastically with altitude. The neutral temperature increases sharply with altitude while the density of neutral constituents tends to decrease exponentially according to their respective scale heights (as well as the production and loss mechanisms for certain species). Atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen are the two main constituents of this region. The vertical column density ratio of these two ( E  O/N 2 ) is a sensitive measure of thermosphere composition. Any upward propagating waves present in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) can impact middle thermosphere temperature and composition structures. A subset of thermal atmospheric tides, including some

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Thermospheric Composition and Solar EUV Flux from the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission

Abstract: This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Investigation of a Neutral “Tongue” Observed by GOLD During the Geomagnetic Storm on May 11, 2019

Investigation of a Neutral “Tongue” Observed by GOLD During the Geomagnetic Storm on May 11, 2019

Improving the Thermosphere Ionosphere in a Whole Atmosphere Model by Assimilating GOLD Disk Temperatures

Deducing Non‐Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Middle Thermosphere With GOLD Observations of the Earth's far Ultraviolet Dayglow From Geostationary Orbit

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