The effects of spin-polarized quasiparticle transport in superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7Ϫ␦ ͑YBCO͒ epitaxial films are investigated by means of current injection into perovskite ferromagnet-insulator-superconductor ͑F-I-S͒ heterostructures. These effects are compared with the injection of simple quasiparticles into control samples of perovskite nonmagnetic metal-insulator-superconductor ͑N-I-S͒. Systematic studies of the critical current density (J c ) as a function of the injection current density (J in j ), temperature (T), and the thickness ͑d͒ of the superconductor reveal drastic differences between the F-I-S and N-I-S heterostructures, with strong suppression of J c and a rapidly increasing characteristic transport length near the superconducting transition temperature T c only in the F-I-S samples. The temperature dependence of the efficiency (ϵ⌬J c /J in j ; ⌬J c : the suppression of critical current due to finite J in j ͒ in the F-I-S samples is also in sharp contrast to that in the N-I-S samples, suggesting significant redistribution of quasiparticles in F-I-S due to the longer lifetime of spin-polarized quasiparticles. Application of conventional theory for nonequilibrium superconductivity to these data further reveal that a substantial chemical potential shift * in F-I-S samples must be invoked to account for the experimental observation, whereas no discernible chemical potential shift exists in the N-I-S samples, suggesting strong effects of spin-polarized quasiparticles on cuprate superconductivity. The characteristic times estimated from our studies are suggestive of anisotropic spin relaxation processes, possibly with spin-orbit interaction dominating the c-axis spin transport and exchange interaction prevailing within the CuO 2 planes. Several alternative scenarios attempted to account for the suppression of critical currents in F-I-S samples are also critically examined, and are found to be neither compatible with experimental data nor with the established theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity.