Thin single crystal perovskite solar cells to harvest below-bandgap light absorption

Chen, Zhaolai; Dong, Qingfeng; Liu, Ye; Bao, Chunxiong; Fang, Yanjun; Lin, Yun; Tang, Shi; Wang, Qi; Xiao, Xun; Bai, Yang; Deng, Yehao; Huang, Jinsong

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02039-5

Cited by 539 publications

(539 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The highest efficiency we have obtained is 15.12% for the small-area devices with an additional mp-TiO 2 layer. The V oc (1059 mV) and FF (>70%) are comparable with the best-performed devices with similar structure as reported in the literature [22], while the relatively smaller J sc is ascribed to the thinner perovskite layer (about 200 nm) and incomplete light absorption in our experiment [35].…”

Section: Measurements and Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers

Xiang

Huang

et al. 2018

Mater. Res. Express

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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a widely used electron transport material in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to reveal the influence of an additional mesoporous TiO 2 (mp-TiO 2 ) layer on fabricating large-area perovskite solar cells using TiO 2 as the electron transport layer, we have conducted a comprehensive study on the solution-processed PSCs with or without an additional mp-TiO 2 layer. Photoemission spectroscopy measurement indicates that, compared with the compact TiO 2 (cp-TiO 2 ) layers, the mp-TiO 2 layers possess a slightly larger work function, which will improve the electron extraction efficiency at the perovskite-TiO 2 interface. The PSCs with an additional mp-TiO 2 layer exhibit better performances than those with only a cp-TiO 2 layer. They suffer from a smaller efficiency loss when enlarging the device area from 0.16 to 1.44 cm 2 and exhibit a better long-term stability. About 89% of the initial efficiency is retained after keeping in dry air for 1000 h for the device with an active area of 1.44 cm 2 . For both cases, increasing the active device area is beneficial to long term stability, photoluminescence measurement indicates that this is result from the degradation of perovskite films starts at the margin of the cells. Our work implies the indispensable role of the additional mp-TiO 2 layer for optimizing the performances of large-area PSCs using TiO 2 as the electron transport layer.

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Section: Measurements and Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers

Xiang

Huang

et al. 2018

Mater. Res. Express

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“…A high-quality thick perovskite film is desirable to achieve a high device yield and reproducibility in making large-area solar modules. Besides, thicker perovskite films can not only improve the light harvesting 13,14 , but also broaden light response region by utilizing the below-band absorption 15 . As such, it is advantageous to construct a high-quality thick perovskite film with enough carrier diffusion length in PSCs to endorse both higher efficiency and manufacturing viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules

et al. 2018

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Besides high efficiency, the stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are also key for their commercialization. Herein, we report a simple perovskite formation method to fabricate perovskite films with thickness over 1 μm in ambient condition on the basis of the fast gas−solid reaction of chlorine-incorporated hydrogen lead triiodide and methylamine gas. The resultant thick and smooth chlorine-incorporated perovskite films exhibit full coverage, improved crystallinity, low surface roughness and low thickness variation. The resultant PSCs achieve an average power conversion efficiency of 19.1 ± 0.4% with good reproducibility. Meanwhile, this method enables an active area efficiency of 15.3% for 5 cm × 5 cm solar modules. The un-encapsulated PSCs exhibit an excellent T80 lifetime exceeding 1600 h under continuous operation conditions in dry nitrogen environment.

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“…Huang and co-workers [1b] used the solvent annealing method to realize PCE of 15.6% with film thickness of 630 nm. Recently, Huang and co-workers [14] grew a 10 µm thick single-crystal film in order to reduce the bulk defect inside perovskite layer, and got a efficiency of 16.1%. Sun and coworkers [2c] demonstrated that a solvent retarding process before annealing would increase the precursor concentration for the as-cast perovskite-precursor layer, leading to champion PCE of 16.83% with film thickness ≈800 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

Chen

Zuo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

129

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cell (PVSCs) with good reproducibility, beneficial for improving success rate of products. Besides of the uniformity of perovskite layer, the fabrication of highly efficient PVSC with thick perovskite layer and good thickness tolerance is also urgent for future commercializatio n. [1b,2c,e,5] In the past three years, efforts on fabricating high-performance PVSCs with thick active layer were tried by both thermal evaporation and solution methods. [1b,2c,e,5a,6] The researches on the PVSCs based on perovskite film fabricated by thermal evaporation method revealed that there is an optimized film thickness ≈300 nm. Further increase the thickness of the perovskite film leads to the deterioration of open-circuit voltage (V oc ) and fill factor (FF) and the decline of PCE of the device. [6a,b,7] Though Bolink and co-workers [6a] reduce the effect of the unbalanced charge extraction for 900 nm thick PVSCs by increasing the conductivity of the hole transport layer (HTL), and improve the efficiency from 7.2% to 12.0%, which is still lower than the 285 nm thick one (12.7%). It is believed that the reduction of V oc and FF along with the increasing film thickness can be attributed to the roughening of the surface of the perovskite film and the perovskite/carrier transport layer interface as well, which brings more serious charge recombination. [6b,7] Similar phenomenon was also observed in the perovskite film prepared by spin-coating method. Gong and co-workers [6c] found that the PCE first increased with the increasing thickness of the MAPbI 3−x Cl x film, and reached to a maximum value about 12% in the case of 575 nm. Further thickening of the perov skite film was found to deteriorate the device performance because of the increase of surface roughness of the perovskite film and the inferior contact between electron transport layer (ETL) and thick active layer. Owning to the increased difficulty in controlling the morphology of the thick perovskite film and the resulting limited carrier diffusion lengths, poor charge extraction, serious charge recombination, it is rather hard to obtain thick film based high performance PVSCs as compared to those based on thinner junctions. To improve the morphology of the perovskite film with smooth and pinhole free surface, high crystallinity, High-performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with absorber layer thickness insensitive features are important for practical fabrication, however these features are difficult to be realized. There are very few reports of the fabrication of polycrystalline PVSCs with power conversion efficienies (PCE) insensitive to film thickness beyond 600 nm. The main reason lies in more serious recombination of the thick perovskite layer compared to the thin layer. Herein, this challenge is addressed by a simple hot casting method to formulate high-quality perovskite film with enlarged grain size, high carrier mobility, and reduced defects. It is found that increasing the temperature to 70 °C can dramatically increase the film thickness and enlarge the...

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Thin single crystal perovskite solar cells to harvest below-bandgap light absorption

Cited by 539 publications

References 42 publications

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers

Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

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Thin single crystal perovskite solar cells to harvest below-bandgap light absorption

Cited by 539 publications

References 42 publications

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layers

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layers

Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules

High‐Performance Thickness Insensitive Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability

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Product

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Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers

Towards large-area perovskite solar cells: the influence of compact and mesoporous TiO₂ electron transport layers