Three‐dimensional composites manufactured with human mesenchymal cambial layer precursor cells as an alternative for sinus floor augmentation: an in vitro study

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach for treatment of defective and lost bone in the maxillofacial region. Creating functional tissue for load bearing bone reconstruction using biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds seeded with living cells is of crucial importance. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic granulae on growth, differentiation, mineralization and gene expression of mandibular mesenchymal cambial layer precursor cells (MCLPCs) cultured onto tissue engineered three-dimensional (3-D) composites in vitro. These 3-D composites were cultivated in a rotating cultivation system under osteogenic differentiation conditions for a maximum period of 21 days. After 6 and 21 days, histological examination was performed; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and levels of DNA were investigated. Expression of bone-specific genes osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, ALP, core binding factor alpha 1 and collagen type I were investigated by using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. After 6 and 21 days of incubation an initiation of mineralization and the presence of newly formed bone at the surface of the composites were shown after evaluation of ALP activity, DNA content, SEM and histological staining. Expression of bone-specific genes confirmed the bone-like character of these composites and different effects of PLGA or HA granulae on the osteogenic differentiation of human MCLPCs in vitro. The results of this study support the concept that substrate signals significantly influence MCLPCs growth, differentiation, mineralization and gene expression in vitro, and that the use of these cells in the manufacturing of 3-D cell/HA composites is a promising approach for load bearing bone reconstruction in the maxillofacial region in vivo.

Effectiveness of scaffolds with pre-seeded mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration —Assessment of osteogenic ability of scaffolds implanted under the periosteum of the cranial bone of rats—

“…The effectiveness of scaffolds made from bioabsorbable materials such as PLLA in bone regeneration has been reported 9) . There are reports that osteogenic ability could be enhanced by improvements in the microstructure of such scaffold 10,11) .…”

Adipose mesenchymal stem cells in the field of bone tissue engineering

“…The majority of studies are currently focused on the development of 3D structures that mimic the anatomical and biochemical organization of cells and native matrix in order to achieve suitable mechanical properties for bone tissue [22] . Numerous materials have been shown to support in vitro bone formation by human cells, including bioceramics like HA, β-TCP, bio-glasses and biodegradable polymers [23,24] , and natural or synthetic collagen, fibrin, chitosan or polyesters [25,26] . Scaffolds containing composites of these materials provide an optimized and convenient alternative as they combine the advantages of both bioactive ceramics and biodegradable polymers [27][28][29][30][31] .…”

Autologous Cell Therapies for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…Proofin-principle for bone tissue engineering using BMSC has been demonstrated in various animal models (for review see Cancedda et al, 2003); in addition, 7 human clinical studies had been conducted by 2010 (Chatterjea et al, 2010). However, several studies have also shown ASC and AO to be appropriate cell sources for bone regeneration (Zuk et al, 2001;Cowan et al, 2004;Hattori et al, 2006;Fröhlich et al, 2010;Turhani et al, 2005;Maličev et al, 2008).…”