Three-Dimensional Imaging of Metallic Grain by Stacking the Microscopic Images

Lee, Jinyi; Berkache, Azouaou; Wang, Da-Bin; Hwang, Young‐Ha

doi:10.3390/app11177787

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As an indication of the datum quality by the given Equations ( 8)- (10), a data plot of these data from 18 cases is presented in Figure 11. The error quality was obtained by dividing the sum of the squared errors by the sum of the squared constraints, as indicated by Equation (8). The error range is 0.0316 to 0.1353 (3.16% to 13.53%); however, not all errors are acceptable; cases 7 and 10 are optimal.…”

Section: Analysis Area and Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of even a tiny amount of heterogeneity formed during the process of manufacturing and operating the material can alter its mechanical properties, and endanger the performance and safety of the structure or part, and can arise unexpectedly without prior prevention. To this end, it is necessary to regularly inspect the infrastructure with the appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques to identify defects and prevent any type of failure [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Multiple nondestructive testing techniques, such as magnetic particle testing (MPT), liquid penetrant testing (PT), eddy current testing (ECT), magnetic Barkhausen emission (MBE), magneto-acoustic emission (MAE), magnetic flux leakage (MFL), etc., can be used for this purpose [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Magnetic Flux Density under Stress and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing

et al. 2022

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Carbon steels are commonly used in railroad, shipment, building, and bridge construction. They provide excellent ductility and toughness when exposed to external stresses. They are able to resist stresses and strains effectively, and guarantee safe operation of the devices through nondestructive testing (NDT). The magnetic metal memory (MMM) can be used as an NDT method to measure the residual stress. The ability of carbon steel to produce a magnetic memory effect under stress is explored here, and enables the magnetic flux density to be analyzed. The relationship between stress and magnetic flux density has not been fully presented until now. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between stress distribution and the magnetic flux density measured by the experiment. For this, an experimental method for examining a carbon steel plate (SA 106), based on the four-point loading test, was used. The effect of stresses resulting from the applied loads on the response of the experimented SA 106 specimen was examined. A three directional tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) measurement system was used to collect the triaxial magnetic flux density distribution in the SA 106 specimen. In addition, finite element method (FEM) analyses were performed, and provided information on the direction and distribution of the stress over the studied SA 106 specimen. Indeed, a correlation was derived by comparing the stress analysis by FEM and the measured triaxial magnetic flux density.

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Section: Analysis Area and Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Magnetic Flux Density under Stress and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing

et al. 2022

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“…It can be used for industrial applications and basic research to overcome the limitations of nondestructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, and eddy current testing. This study [11] proposed a method and its implementation algorithm to observe metal grains (MGs) in three dimensions, in a general laboratory environment equipped with a polishing machine and a metal microscope. An image was taken by a metal microscope while polishing the mounted object to be measured.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Imaging Of Metallic Grain By Stacking the Microscopic Images By Lee Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Issue: Novel Approaches for Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation

Lee

Berkache

2022

Applied Sciences

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“…In addition to extracting the GBs, the initial and final positions of the metal grain after the deformation must be recognized to track the grain deformation. This is essential because it has been found experimentally that, owing to the high spatial resolution of the optical microscopy used during the data acquisition, any positional error potentially reduces the precision of the final desired result [33]. Several methods have been proposed to address these issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Image Processing Toolset for Tracking Direction of Metal Grain Deformation

Dharmawan

Lee

2022

Applied Sciences

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Grain boundaries (GBs), which are among the mechanical properties of a material, are a microstructural aspect that contributes to the overall behavior of metal. A deep understanding of the behavior of the GBs’ deformation, dislocation, and fracture will encourage the rapid development of new materials and lead to the better operation and maintenance of materials during their designed lifetimes. In this study, an integrated image processing toolset is proposed to provide an expeditious approach to extracting GBs, tracking their location, and identifying their internal deformation. This toolset consists of three integrated algorithms: image stitching, grain matching, and boundary extraction. The algorithms are designed to simultaneously integrate high and low spatial resolution images for gathering high-precision boundary coordinates and effectively reconstructing a view of the entire material surface for the tracing of the grain location. This significantly reduces the time needed to acquire the dataset owing to the ability of the low spatial resolution lens to capture wider areas as the base image. The high spatial resolution lens compensates for any weakness of the base image by capturing views of specific sections, thereby increasing the observation flexibility. One application successfully described in this paper is tracking the direction of the metal grain deformation in global coordinates by stacking a specific grain before and after the deformation. This allows observers to calculate the direction of the grain deformation by comparing the overlapping areas after the material experiences a load. Ultimately, this toolset is expected to lead to further applications in terms of observing fascinating phenomena in materials science and engineering.

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Metallic Grain by Stacking the Microscopic Images

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Distribution of Magnetic Flux Density under Stress and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing

Distribution of Magnetic Flux Density under Stress and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing

Special Issue: Novel Approaches for Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation

Integrated Image Processing Toolset for Tracking Direction of Metal Grain Deformation

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