Three-Dimensional Sound Field Analysis Using Compact Explicit-Finite Difference Time Domain Method with Graphics Processing Unit Cluster System

Abstract

In this study, the compact explicit-finite difference time domain (CE-FDTD) method is applied to the three-dimensional sound field analysis to reduce computer resources. There are various derivative schemes in the CE-FDTD method. They are first examined theoretically to evaluate the numerical accuracy. As a theoretical result, it is found that the interpolated wide band (IWB) scheme has the widest bandwidth in which the cut-off frequency is in agreement with the Nyquist frequency. The calculation performance is theoretically estimated, then experimentally evaluated with the graphics processing unit cluster system. As a result, it is found that the memory usage of the IWB scheme is less than one-third of that of the standard leapfrog (SLF) scheme to achieve the same cut-off frequency. It is also found that the calculation time of the IWB scheme with the shared memory is about 19% compared with that of the SLF scheme with the graphics processing unit (GPU) cluster system. The impulse response is calculated for a large room with a volume capacity of about 4500 m3 in which the sampling rate was 40 kHz. It is confirmed that the three-dimensional sound field with the natural reverberation can be calculated by the IWB scheme.

Two-dimensional finite difference-time domain simulation of moving sound source and receiver

“…In this paper, a ¼ 1=4 is used as the interpolated wide-band (IWB) scheme. The sound field analysis tool based on the CE-FDTD method has already been well verified in our previous researches [19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…In this paper, the compact explicit finite-difference time domain (CE-FDTD) method [18][19][20][21][22] is applied to the moving sound source and receiver, while proposed methods can also be applied to the standard FDTD method [1]. The CE-FDTD method is a high accuracy version of the standard FDTD method and is good at large-scale sound field analysis.…”

A Real-Time Sound Field Rendering Processor

“…In recent years, general-purpose graphic processing units (GPGPUs) and FPGAs have been applied to speed up the arithmetic operations in sound rendering systems [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Although GPGPU-based solutions achieve high computation performance through increasing system threads, the input and output interfaces are more difficult to customize according to applications.…”

Intel Many-Integrated Core (MIC) architecture-based parallel computation and optimization of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes for acoustic simulation

“…The movement toward applying GPU to scientific computing has been ongoing since 2005 [1]. A number of studies have reported the application of GPU [2][3][4] to largescale and long-time acoustic simulation for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods [5][6][7]. On the other hand, the first generation of Intel MIC architecture is newer than GPU because it was only released in 2013.…”

“…In addition, we perform software optimizations known in the field of high-performance computing (HPC) [9] to reveal the attainable performance of the Intel MIC architecture. The acoustic FDTD schemes we examined are the standard FDTD(2,2) [10], FDTD(2,4) [11], and WE (Wave Equation) -FDTD(2,2) [3,12] schemes.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of acoustic FDTD schemes on the Intel MIC architecture and to reveal the attainable performance by performing software optimizations. …”