Three‐dimensional velocity structure of the Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii

Dawson, Phillip B.; Chouet, Bernard; Okubo, P.; Villaseñor, Antonio; Benz, H.

doi:10.1029/1999gl005379

Cited by 110 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Compared with studies on the V p structure, relatively few V p ∕V s models are available. Dawson et al [1999] observed a low-velocity P wave anomaly and corresponding high-V p ∕V s body from 1 km above to 2.5 km below sea level centered on the southeastern edge of the caldera, which was interpreted as a densely cracked body containing partial melt. We also observe a low-P velocity body between 1.6 and 3.6 km depth.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Refraction studies initially helped to resolve crustal structure [e.g., Ryall and Bennett, 1968;Hill, 1969]. The first three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity model for Kilauea was obtained by inverting teleseismic data [Ellsworth and Koyanagi, 1977] and was followed by numerous local tomographic studies [e.g., Thurber, 1984;Rowan and Clayton, 1993;Okubo et al, 1997;Dawson et al, 1999;Haslinger et al, 2001;Hansen et al, 2004;Monteiller et al, 2005;Park et al, 2007;Got et al, 2008;Park et al, 2009;Syracuse et al, 2010]. The majority of these studies focus on the compressional (P) wave velocity structure near Kilauea volcano.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common feature of these previous models is high-P velocity anomalies at intermediate depths (5-10 km) below the volcano calderas and rift zones. Several studies also observe low-velocity zones at more shallow depths (2-4 km) within the calderas and rift zones, which have been attributed to magma bodies [e.g., Thurber, 1984Thurber, , 1987Rowan and Clayton, 1993;Dawson et al, 1999; LIN ET AL. ©2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the smaller number of S picks in the seismic catalogs, only a few studies of V p ∕V s models have been conducted along with V p models. There are two V p ∕V s models available so far, one for Kilauea caldera [Dawson et al, 1999] and another for its east rift zone [Hansen et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography

et al. 2014

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We present a new three‐dimensional seismic velocity model of the crustal and upper mantle structure for Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii. Our model is derived from the first‐arrival times of the compressional and shear waves from about 53,000 events on and near the Island of Hawaii between 1992 and 2009 recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stations. The Vp model generally agrees with previous studies, showing high‐velocity anomalies near the calderas and rift zones and low‐velocity anomalies in the fault systems. The most significant difference from previous models is in Vp/Vs structure. The high‐Vp and high‐Vp/Vs anomalies below Mauna Loa caldera are interpreted as mafic magmatic cumulates. The observed low‐Vp and high‐Vp/Vs bodies in the Kaoiki seismic zone between 5 and 15 km depth are attributed to the underlying volcaniclastic sediments. The high‐Vp and moderate‐ to low‐Vp/Vs anomalies beneath Kilauea caldera can be explained by a combination of different mafic compositions, likely to be olivine‐rich gabbro and dunite. The systematically low‐Vp and low‐Vp/Vs bodies in the southeast flank of Kilauea may be caused by the presence of volatiles. Another difference between this study and previous ones is the improved Vp model resolution in deeper layers, owing to the inclusion of events with large epicentral distances. The new velocity model is used to relocate the seismicity of Mauna Loa and Kilauea for improved absolute locations and ultimately to develop a high‐precision earthquake catalog using waveform cross‐correlation data.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography

et al. 2014

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“…To find a source location for a given time window, a three-dimensional grid of assumed source locations is defined and travel times from every node in the grid to every receiver in the network are computed. The velocity model is considered to be homogenous and reflects the average shallow velocity structure of Kilauea derived by Dawson et al [1999]. The travel times are then used to define time-offsets for each receiver in the time window, and a three dimensional volume of radial semblance is calculated using Almendros and Chouet [2003, equation (9)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of near real‐time radial semblance to locate the shallow magmatic conduit at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Dawson

Whilldin²,

Chouet

2004

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Radial Semblance is applied to broadband seismic network data to provide source locations of Very-LongPeriod (VLP) seismic energy in near real time. With an efficient algorithm and adequate network coverage, accurate source locations of VLP energy are derived to quickly locate the shallow magmatic conduit system at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. During a restart in magma flow following a brief pause in the current eruption, the shallow magmatic conduit is pressurized, resulting in elastic radiation from various parts of the conduit system. A steeply dipping distribution of VLP hypocenters outlines a region extending from sea level to about 550 m elevation below and just east of the Halemaumau Pit Crater. The distinct hypocenters suggest the shallow plumbing system beneath Halemaumau consists of a complex plexus of sills and dikes. An unconstrained location for a section of the conduit is also observed beneath the region between Kilauea Caldera and Kilauea Iki Crater.

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Seismic structure changes beneath Redoubt Volcano during the 2009 eruption inferred from local earthquake tomography

Kasatkina

Koulakov

West³

et al. 2014

JGR Solid Earth

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We present seismic velocity models of the area beneath Redoubt Volcano (Alaska) corresponding to two time periods, before and after the strong eruption that occurred in March 2009. The calculations were based on tomographic inversion of P and S arrival time data recorded by 19 stations using the local earthquake tomography code LOTOS. We performed thorough analysis of the results based on synthetic tests in each of the time periods that allow real-time variations in structure to be distinguished from artifacts caused by changes in the observation system configurations. In the resulting images corresponding to the period before the eruption, the summit area is characterized by higher values of both P and S velocities and moderate values of the Vp/Vs ratio. This may correspond to the rigid igneous rocks composing the body of the volcano that lack significant liquid content. In the second episode corresponding to the time of the eruption, the P velocity remained high, whereas the S velocity became very low. The anticorrelation of P and S anomalies in the summit area produced a Vp/Vs ratio as high as 2.2, which is seen down to 2-3 km depth. This indicates presence of mobile phase at shallow depth beneath the volcano, which can be either in the form of partial melt or fluid-saturated rocks.

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Three‐dimensional velocity structure of the Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Three‐dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography

Three‐dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography

Application of near real‐time radial semblance to locate the shallow magmatic conduit at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Seismic structure changes beneath Redoubt Volcano during the 2009 eruption inferred from local earthquake tomography

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