Three-Step Description of Single-Pulse Formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Metals

Gurevich, Evgeny L.; Lévy, Yoann; Bulgakova, Nadezhda M.

doi:10.3390/nano10091836

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We tried to compare whether the matter reorganization by material properties could influence rotational LSFL. Gurevich et al proposed the three steps for the generation of LIPSS [ 22 ]: (1) modulation of the electron temperature (

) by the interference of the incident laser beam and surface plasmon wave; (2) modulation of lattice temperature (

); (3) hydrodynamic instabilities and reorganization of the molten material on the surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two-temperature model (TTM) can be used to describe the electron-lattice coupling effect (

in the ultrafast laser process. If the G is larger and the electron thermal diffusivity is smaller, the energy that can be absorbed in the irradiated area is faster and more concentrated, providing a positive feedback loop for the amplification of the lattice temperature modulation [ 22 , 23 ]. The G values of the four materials at

= 10,000 K are shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces

2020

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Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are used for the precision surface treatment of 3D components. However, with LIPSS, the non-normal incident angle between the irradiated laser beam and the specimen surface occurs. This study investigated LIPSS on four different metals (SUS 304, Ti, Al, and Cu), processed on a tilted surface by an s-polarized femtosecond fiber laser. A rotated low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) was obtained on SUS 304 and Ti materials by the line scanning process. However, LSFL on Cu and Al materials was still perpendicular to the laser polarization. The reason for the rotated and un-rotated LSFL on tilted metal surfaces was presented. The electron-phonon coupling factor and thermal conductivity properties might induce rotational LSFL on tilted SUS 304 and Ti surfaces. When fabricating LSFL on an inclined plane, a calibration model between the LSFL orientation and inclined plane angle must be established. Hence, the laser polarization direction must be controlled to obtain suitable LSFL characteristics on a 3D surface.

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) by the interference of the incident laser beam and surface plasmon wave; (2) modulation of lattice temperature (

); (3) hydrodynamic instabilities and reorganization of the molten material on the surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two-temperature model (TTM) can be used to describe the electron-lattice coupling effect (

= 10,000 K are shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces

2020

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“…For laser processing with pulsed lasers, the period of the excitation can be assigned to the laser repetition rate if the surface does not solidify in the time interval between the pulses. Femtosecond laser pulses melt the surface only for a time interval of 10 −9 s, which is shorter than the interpulse delay of the majority of available lasers, but in this case the periodic excitation may come from the interference between the incident and the surface-scattered waves 5 . If the beam of a continuous wave (cw) laser is scanned over the sample, as it is done e.g., by laser welding, the excitation of each point at the surface changes with time and can be Fouriertransformed to a broad band of frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the first regime of impact of a laser beam to a solid, surface melting occurs and surface instabilities can develop. This is accompanied by a periodic perturbation of the electronic temperature 5 followed by an amplification, for given spatial periods, of the modulation in the lattice temperature and a final possible relocation by hydrodynamic instabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of viscosity and surface tension for ripple formation by laser melting

Morawetz,

Trinschek,

Gurevich

2021

Preprint

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A model for ripple formation on liquid surfaces exposed to an external laser or particle beam and a variable ground is developed. Starting from the Navier Stokes equation the coupled equations for the velocity potential and the surface height are derived with special attention to viscosity. The approximate solutions are discussed analogously to shallow-water equations. The resulting coupled equations for the surface height and velocity obey conservation laws for volume and momentum where characteristic potentials for gravitation and surface tension are identified analogously to conservative forces. It is shown that the viscosity contributes to a damping of the momentum transport by a spatial gradient of the velocity. The spatial dependent ground contributes to the momentum balance only due to the coupling with gravitation and surface tension. Linear stability analysis provides the formation of a damped gravitation wave modified by an interplay between the external beam, the viscosity, and the surface tension. The resulting wavelengths are in the order of the ripples occurring in laser welding experiments hinting to their hydrodynamical origin. The stability due to the periodic time-dependence of the external beam is discussed with the help of Floquet multipliers showing that the ripple formation could be triggered by an external excitation with frequencies in the order of the repetition rate of the laser. The weak nonlinear stability analysis provides ranges where hexagonal or stripe structures can appear. The orientation of stripe structures and ripples are shown to be dependent on the incident angle and a minimal angle is reported. Two models are presented to couple the external current to the gradient of the surface. Numerical simulations confirm the findings and allow to describe the influence of variable grounds.

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“…Since the discovery [19], they have been observed in many investigations and got very high popularity [20][21][22]. LIPSS occur and are being detected on metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] after irradiation with a linear polarized laser beam strong enough to modify it. The structuring of the surface is performed in a one-step which makes it technologically very attractive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic-field assisted laser ablation of silicon

et al. 2021

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Understanding and manipulation of the laser processing quality during the ablation of solids have crucial importance from fundamental and industrial perspectives. Here we have studied the effect of external magnetic field on the micro-material processing of silicon by ultrashort laser pulses. It was found experimentally that such a field directed along the laser beam improves the quality and efficiency of the material removal. Additionally, we observe that the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in a multi-pulse regime is affected by the external magnetic field. Our results open a route towards efficient and controllable ultrafast laser micromachining.

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Three-Step Description of Single-Pulse Formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Metals

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces

Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces

Interplay of viscosity and surface tension for ripple formation by laser melting

Magnetic-field assisted laser ablation of silicon

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