Thymol Turbidity Test: a New Indicator of Liver Dysfunction

Maclagan, N. F.

doi:10.1038/154670a0

Cited by 104 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The globulin fraction was precipitated with 42 per cent sodium sulphite (Na2SOs 7H2O) by the method of King (13), and determinations were made of total protein and albumin. Concurrent flocculation tests were carried out on specimens of serum from all patients with liver and biliary tract disease, using the colloidal red (Maizels [14]), cephalin cholesterol flocculation (Hanger [15]), and thymol turbidity (Maclagan [16]) tests, according to the methods previously described by Maizels (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Liver Disease: Its Value as a Diagnostic Test of Liver Function Compared With Flocculation Tests and Plasma Protein Determinations 1

Wilson¹,

Calvert²,

Geoghegan³

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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The physiological significance of plasma cholinesterase is not clearly understood, but attention has recently been focussed on its relation to protein metabolism. It has been identified in high concentration in the a2 globulin of Cohn's fraction IV-6-3 (1).The evidence which has accumulated suggests that the liver is the probable source of plasma cholinesterase; and low values of plasma cholinesterase activity have been reported in patients with liver disease (2-1 1). We have been investigating. acetylcholine and water metabolism in liver disease, and the present communication is an account of work undertaken to determine in which types of liver and biliary tract disease the plasma cholinesterase activity is deranged, and what diagnostic significance can be attached to these findings. Concurrent determinations of plasma proteins and flocculation tests were also made. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe observations were carried out on 43 patients with liver and biliary tract disease. Of these, 15 patients were suffering from acute, four from sub-acute, 14 from chronic liver disease, and ten from extra-hepatic biliary obstruction. The plasma cholinesterase activity of 144 normalsubjects was also studied; of these, 100 were healthy blood donors, and 44 were convalescent patients in hospital, who had no history or clinical evidence of liver disease; concurrent protein estimations were also made on the plasma of the latter patients.Specimens of venous blood were transferred immediately after collection to heparinized tubes and centrifuged. After separation of the plasma, the red cells were washed twice with normal saline, and then laked with an amount of distilled water equal to the original volume of the 1 The expenses of this work were defrayed partially by a grant from the Medical Research Council, from whom one of us (R. J. C.) is in receipt of a whole-time grant, and by financial assistance from the Ministry of Supply, from whom one of us (H. G.) receives a wholetime grant. Maizels (14).In assessing the value of plasma cholinesterase activity as a diagnostic test of liver and biliary tract disease a comparison has been made with the results obtained for plasma albumin and globulin and the serum flocculation tests. For the interpretation of the flocculation tests we have adopted as an index of abnormality the conventional standards used in this hospital (14), for the colloidal red and cephalin cholesterol tests, flocculation greater than one plus (+) at 24 hours, and for the thymol turbidity test a value greater than 4 units. RESULTSIt will be convenient to begin by comparing the total results of the 33 patients with liver disease with those of the normal subjects in respect of plasma cholinesterase activity, plasma albumin and globulin estimations. Our aim here is to determine the limits of normality for these tests. The results have been plotted and give the overlapping histograms seen in Figure 1. The best discrimination will be given by the point on the scale where the two distributions (A) normal and (B) diseased inte...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Liver Disease: Its Value as a Diagnostic Test of Liver Function Compared With Flocculation Tests and Plasma Protein Determinations 1

Wilson¹,

Calvert²,

Geoghegan³

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Serial determination of liver function tests were made on 19 consecutive cases of infectious mononucleosis without jaundice, 13 (5) and up to 4.0 units taken as normal. Serum bilirubin including the 1-minute determination followed the method of Malloy and Evelyn (6): normal values were taken as those up to 0.31 and 1.20 mgm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Involvement in Infectious Mononucleosis 1

Evans

1948

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Starting 60 days after inoculation the following tests of liver function were performed every 2 weeks (or more often) until the end of the period of observation: (1) quantitative total serum bilirubin;* (2) cephalin-cholesterol focculation (Hanger) (23); and (3) thymol turbidity test (24). If the cephalin focculation or thymol turbidity test became positive, bromsulfaiein dye retention t was estimated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Period of Infectivity of Patients With Homologous Serum Jaundice and Routes of Infection in This Disease

Havens

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Pooled specimens of serum obtained from 3 human volunteers three-fourths through their respective 56, 66, and 70 day incubation periods of homologous serum jaundice produced the disease in 1 out of 4 human volunteers following parenteral inoculation. 2. Serum specimens obtained from these same 3 patients during the acute, pre-icteric phase of their homologous serum jaundice produced the disease in 3 out of 4 human volunteers following parenteral inoculation. 3. These same sera, proven to be infectious by parenteral inoculation, failed to produce disease when ingested by 10 other human volunteers. 4. Pooled specimens of serum obtained in the convalescent phase (28 to 32 days after onset) of these 3 patients failed to produce apparent infection when inoculated parenterally into 5 human volunteers. 5. Pooled specimens of feces of 3 patients obtained in the acute phase of homologous serum jaundice, when virus was proven to be in the serum, were not demonstrably infectious when fed to 6 volunteers. 6. These findings are slightly different from those encountered in a similar study with infectious material from cases of infectious hepatitis.

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Thymol Turbidity Test: a New Indicator of Liver Dysfunction

Cited by 104 publications

References 3 publications

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Liver Disease: Its Value as a Diagnostic Test of Liver Function Compared With Flocculation Tests and Plasma Protein Determinations 1

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Liver Disease: Its Value as a Diagnostic Test of Liver Function Compared With Flocculation Tests and Plasma Protein Determinations 1

Liver Involvement in Infectious Mononucleosis 1

Period of Infectivity of Patients With Homologous Serum Jaundice and Routes of Infection in This Disease

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