Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep

Ferreira, Luís Eduardo; Benincasa, Bruno Iglesias; Fachin, Ana Lúcia; França, Suzelei C.; Contini, Silvia S.H.T.; Chagas, A. C. de S.; Beleboni, Renê Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.011

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is a major constituent of the essential oils from plants of the genus Lippia and Thymis (GOMES et al, 2011;ELANDALOUSI et al, 2013) and presents in vitro anthelmintic activity on H. contortus (CAMURÇA-VASCONCELOS et al 2007;ELANDALOUSI et al, 2013;FERREIRA et al, 2016). It is a phenolic compound causing high toxicity due to the presence of the hydroxyl radical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

André

Cavalcante

Ribeiro

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Thymol is a monoterpene and acetylation form of this compound can reduce the toxicity and enhance its biological effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol acetate (TA) on egg, larva and adult Haemonchus contortus and the cuticular changes, acute toxicity in mice and the efficacy on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. In vitro tests results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by comparison with Tukey test or Bonferroni. The efficacy of in vivo test was calculated by the BootStreet program. In the egg hatch test (EHT), thymol (0.5 mg/mL) and TA (4 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98% and 67.1%, respectively. Thymol and TA (8 mg/mL) inhibited 100% of larval development. Thymol and TA (800 µg/mL) reduced the motility of adult worms, by 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Thymol caused cuticular changes in adult worm teguments. In the acute toxicity test, the LD 50 of thymol and TA were 1,350.9 mg/kg and 4,144.4 mg/kg, respectively. Thymol and TA reduced sheep egg count per gram of faeces (epg) by 59.8% and 76.2%, respectively. In in vitro tests thymol presented better anthelmintic activity than TA. However TA was less toxic and in in vivo test efficacy was similar.Keywords: Acetylation, thymol, Haemonchus contortus, nematodes, sheep. ResumoTimol é um monoterpeno e a acetilação deste composto pode reduzir a toxicidade e potencializar os seus efeitos biológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do timol e acetato de timolila (AT) sobre ovos, larvas e adultos de Haemonchus contortus e suas alterações cuticulares, toxicidade aguda em camundongos e a eficácia sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos. Os resultados dos testes in vitro foram analisados por análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo testes de Tukey ou Bonferroni. A eficácia do teste de redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes (RCOF) foi calculada pelo programa BootStreet. No teste de inibição da eclosão de ovos (TEO), timol (0,5 mg/mL) e AT (4 mg/mL) inibiram a eclosão das larvas em 98% e 67,1%, respectivamente. Timol e AT (8 mg/mL) inibiram 100% do desenvolvimento larval. Timol e AT (800 µg/mL) reduziram a motilidade dos nematoides adultos, em 100% e 83,4%, respectivamente. O timol provocou alterações cuticulares nos nematoides adultos. No teste de toxicidade aguda, a DL50 do timol e AT foi de 1.350,9 mg/kg e 4.144,4 mg/kg, respectivamente. Timol e AT reduziram a contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG) dos ovinos em 59,8% e 76,2%, respectivamente. Nos testes in vitro timol apresentou atividade melhor anti-helmíntica do que AT. Entretanto, AT foi menos tóxico do que o timol e no teste in vivo apresentaram eficácia semelhante.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

André

Cavalcante

Ribeiro

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant whose essential oil already has various pharmacological activities described such as antimicrobial [91], anthelmintic [92] and anti-inflammatory [93]. The GC-MS analysis of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) revealed the presence of more than 50 metabolites.…”

Section: Thymus Vulgaris Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

et al. 2019

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Epilepsy is a most disabling neurological disorder affecting all age groups. Among the various mechanisms that may result in epilepsy, neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative injury produced by an excessive formation of free radicals may play a role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed to address resistant conditions that do not respond fully to current antiepileptic drugs. This paper reviews studies on the anticonvulsant activities of essential oils and their chemical constituents. Data from studies published from January 2011 to December 2018 was selected from the PubMed database for examination. The bioactivity of 19 essential oils and 16 constituents is described. Apiaceae and Lamiaceae were the most promising botanical families due to the largest number of reports about plant species from these families that produce anticonvulsant essential oils. Among the evaluated compounds, β-caryophyllene, borneol, eugenol and nerolidol were the constituents that presented antioxidant properties related to anticonvulsant action. These data show the potential of these natural products as health promoting agents and use against various types of seizure disorders. Their properties on oxidative stress may contribute to the control of this neurological condition. However, further studies on the toxicological profile and mechanism of action of essential oils are needed.

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“…However, in Pakistan, only a handful number of plants have been used against R. microplus (Zaman et al, 2012a;Sindhu et al, 2012;Nawaz et al, 2015) in contrast to more extensive investigations elsewhere (Chen et al, 2011;dos Santos et al, 2013;Nyahangare et al, 2015;Fouche et al, 2016a,b (Chagas et al, 2016;Vudriko et al, 2016). Briefly, larvae were inserted into drug impregnated filter paper for 24 hrs at certain temperature (27-29°C) and relative humidity (80-85%).…”

Section: Plants Used As Acaricidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To confirm death of the worm non-motile worms are exposed to luke warm water for ~ 1 min. This test is used to obtain time dependent as well as dose dependent data on mortality of worms (Ferreira et al, 2016;Raza et al, 2016;Uppala et al, 2016). In vivo: Fecal egg count reduction test and post-mortem examination are the two tests to perform in vivo anthelmintic assessment trials.…”

Section: Adult Motility Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Plants with Acaricidal and Anthelmintic Properties

Zaman¹

2017

IJAB

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Geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions provide a favourable environment for parasitic population of livestock in Pakistan. Hard ticks (Ixodidae) and gastrointestinal nematodes pose most serious threats to livestock industry. Stackholders rely on synthetic drugs to control these parasites. Emergence of drug resistance in these parasites; however, has provoked interest in alternate of synthetic drugs. Testing of plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine for their antiparasitic activity employing standard procedures has been reported to be promising. Plants have been most frequently used for deworming purposes followed by as acaricides and insecticides; whereas, reports as to their antiprotozoal use are relatively less. Use of plants as antiparasitics is more frequent in developing countries having low accessability to the modern parasite control practices. Likewise, validation studies on the use of plants as antiparasitics have been more frequently carried out in the developing countries compared with those having livestock farming as commercial enterprise. This article presents an overview of the plants having acaricidal and anthelmintic activity, limitations as to the application of phytotherpay to control parasites and future prospects of the use of plants as antiparasitics.

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Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

An Overview of Plants with Acaricidal and Anthelmintic Properties

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