Thyroid Dysfunction in General Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Attaullah, Shahnaz; Haq, Bibi Safia; Muska, Mairman

doi:10.12669/pjms.321.8476

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This may not be surprising as hyperthyroidism is more prevalent in our region as compared to hypothyroidism. 27 , 28 These findings also correlate with study done in Pakistan by Lalani S and in India by Kameswaramma K et al, while studies done in Nepal by Rijal B et al and in Pakistan by Naib et al shows high prevalence of hypothyroidism as compared to hyperthyroidism in infertile women. 12 , 19 , 29 , 30 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Objectives: To study the morphological spectrum of endometrial changes with the thyroid hormone levels in infertile women. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Health Care Centre and Madina Medical Laboratory, Peshawar from April 2013 to August 2013. Total 160 cases of infertile women were included in the study. Biopsies were taken on 22-23rd day of menstrual cycle. Statistical Analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 statistical program. Difference between endometrial findings of patients with normal thyroid profile and abnormal one were analyzed for statistical significance using Chi square test. Probability values p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In our study, majority infertile women were euthyroid (80%), followed by hyperthyroid (18%) and only two% to be hypothyroid. The correlation of endometrial morphology with thyroid hormones levels turned out to be insignificant. While correlating histological details of endometrial biopsy with thyroid hormone status, we found significant association of leukocytic infiltrate with thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: This study shows that thyroid hormones may have role in early leukocytic infiltration into stroma, and a possibility of immune modulation by altered thyroid hormones in causing infertility. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1791 How to cite this:Nasir S, Ziaullah S, Alam S, Khan MM. Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1791 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

et al. 2020

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“…That might be encountered in resource poor settings that emphasizes on the fact that iodine deficiency still remains the top most cause of thyroid disorders on the African continent [12]. Furthermore the proportion of patients with malignancy in this study was 13.1 which contrasts with what is reported in Europe North America where the malignancy rate is 5% [20]. In another study carried out in India by Khageswar Rout, Chinmay Sunder Ray, Subrat Kumar Behra and Rudranarayan Biswal with a sample size of 76 patients, demonstrated that colloid goiter was the most common among the thyroid swellings followed by colloid goiter with cystic degeneration [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Aspiration Cytology for Thyroid Lump in Remote Areas of Sindh

Sidhwani

Shankar

Chand³

et al. 2020

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Background: Scandinavian countries were the first to use fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool in the 1930. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a diagnostic approach, which helps the clinicians in diagnosis of the various lesions. Most common sites which can be targeted include breast lumps, lymph nodes, thyroid masses and other palpable swellings. The most common lesion encountered is thyroid nodule. In current cross sectional study we tried to find frequency of different thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology in different rural areas of Sindh. Methodology and Results: 158 samples were recruited from the Vital Laboratory Larkana with different pathological midline neck (thyroid) swelling during 2014 and 2015 by non-probability consecutive sampling. 125 (79.1%) were females and 33 (20.9%) were males with a ratio of 4:1. Majority of case were of 20-39 years of age (52.5%). Most of the cases were diagnosed with nodular goiter (88.6%) followed by colloid goiter (4.4%). In present study we failed to find any association of diagnosis with gender (p =0.211) and age (p =0.553). Conclusion: So in this study we concluded that large number of thyroid lesions present with nodular goiter at the age of 20-39 years. The frequency is increased for these lesions due to different risk factors.

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“…The current American Thyroid Association recommendations take account of nodule size, thyroid function test and sonographic features, and, despite cytological diagnosis of category III, the nodule may be surgically excised prompted by clinical or radiological findings, thereby raising the number of AUS‐malignant cases. Pakistan, like India, is on the Himalayan belt, where prevalence of thyroid nodules is higher and multiple goitrogens in the environment pose greater risk of goitres as well as worrisome nodules, 29,30 which may be one of the reasons behind slightly higher malignant diagnoses in the AUS/FLUS category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid cytology in Pakistan: An institutional audit of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category

et al. 2020

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Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), along with thyroid ultrasound, is an important tool in evaluation of thyroid nodules that helps in further management of these patients in making a decision of surgical intervention vs follow‐up. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category III of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) has risk of malignancy (ROM) ranging from 5% to 15%. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of AUS/FLUS in thyroid gland FNACs and the surgical outcomes of these cases. Methods The integrated laboratory management system retrieved the thyroid FNACs from 2010 to 2018 and subsequent surgical pathology specimens. For the AUS/FLUS cases, data regarding patient demographics, cytology and histological diagnoses were recorded. The results were tabulated as the overall frequency of AUS/FLUS in thyroid FNACs, cytohistological correlation (benign and malignant) and ROM. Results Over a period of 9 years, 256 (10.9%) cases out of 2342 thyroid FNACs were reported as AUS/FLUS at our institution. Mean age was 43.5 years. The majority (70.3%) of patients were female. Seventy‐two of 104 resection specimens (69.2%) were reported as benign and 32 cases (30.7%) had malignant diagnosis. Upper‐bound ROM was 30.7% (32 cases with malignant diagnosis out of 104 resection specimens). Lower‐bound ROM was calculated as 12.5% (32 cases with malignant diagnosis out of 256 total AUS diagnosis). Conclusion The AUS/FLUS category of thyroid cytology and associated ROM remain an evolving area. Individual institutions should monitor the frequency and include ROM in the dashboard indicators to remain within the recommended range.

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Thyroid Dysfunction in General Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Aspiration Cytology for Thyroid Lump in Remote Areas of Sindh

Thyroid cytology in Pakistan: An institutional audit of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category

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