Tiere als Vektoren und Reservoire von Erregern importierter lebensbedrohender Infektionskrankheiten

Faulde, Michael; Fock, Rüdiger; Hoffmann, G.; Pietsch, M.

doi:10.1007/s00103-001-0348-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…The virus causing AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), first appeared in the 1980s and today affects a total of approximately 42 million people worldwide [4]. Unfortunately, AIDS is not the only viral disease having emerged in recent years from an animal host; at least more than a dozen new or re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases have been identified in the last two decades [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Zoonoses – A Threat under Control?

et al. 2003

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Despite intensive research and considerable effort to eradicate infectious diseases, modern medicine has failed to control many infectious diseases which have been thought to be easy to overcome with advances in medical science and technology. In fact, infectious diseases remain a dominant feature in public health considerations for the 21st century. Some infectious agents already known to be pathogenic have gained increasing importance in recent decades due to changes in disease patterns. Furthermore, many new, previously unknown infectious agents with a high pathogenic potential have been identified. Nearly all of these emergent disease episodes have involved zoonotic or species-jumping infectious agents. The complex interaction of factors like environmental and ecological changes, social factors, decline of health care, human demographics and behaviour influences the emergence of re-emergence of such diseases. Viruses, especially RNA viruses with their ability to adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions, are among the most prominent examples of emerging pathogens. In this review, we present the important examples of zoonotic viruses and discuss the factors playing a key role in the emergence and resurgence of these diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Zoonoses – A Threat under Control?

et al. 2003

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Gesundheitsschädlinge

Faulde¹,

Freise

2014

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Globally, infectious diseases pose the most important cause of death. Among known human pathogenic diseases, approximately 50 % are zoonoses. When considering emerging infectious diseases separately 73 % currently belong to the group of zoonoses. In Central Europe, hard ticks show by far the biggest potential as vectors of agents of human disease. Lyme borreliosis, showing an estimated annual incidence between 60,000 and 214,000 cases is by far the most frequent tick-borne disease in Germany. Continually, formerly unknown disease agents could be discovered in endemic vector species. Additionally, introduction of new arthropod vectors and/or agents of disease occur constantly. Recently, five mosquito species of the genus Aedes have been newly introduced to Europe where they are currently spreading in different regions. Uncommon autochthonous transmission of dengue and chikungunya fever viruses in Southern Europe could be directly linked to these vector species and of these Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus are currently reported to occur in Germany. The German Protection against Infection Act only covers the control of public health pests which are either active hematophagous vectors or mechanical transmitters of agents of diseases. Use of officially recommended biocidal products aiming to interrupt transmission cycles of vector-borne diseases, is confined to infested buildings only, including sewage systems in the case of Norway rat control. Outdoor vectors, such as hard ticks and mosquitoes, are currently not taken into consideration. Additionally, adjustments of national public health regulations, detailed arthropod vector and rodent reservoir mapping, including surveillance of vector-borne disease agents, are necessary in order to mitigate future disease risks.

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Sport and climate change—how will climate change affect sport?

Schneider

Mücke

2021

Ger J Exerc Sport Res

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Climate change will have complex consequences for the environment, society, economy and people’s health. The issue of climate change has received comparatively little attention to date in the fields of sports science. Thus, sport-related health risks caused by climate change are discussed and summarized in a conceptual model presented here for the first time. Climate change is associated with the following increases of health-related risks for athletes in particular: Direct consequences caused by extreme temperature and other extreme weather events (e.g. increasing risks due to heatwaves, thunderstorms, floods, lightning, ultraviolet radiation) and indirect consequences as a result of climate-induced changes to our ecosystem (e.g. due to increased air pollution by ozone, higher exposures to allergens, increasing risks of infection by viruses and bacteria and the associated vectors and reservoir organisms). Each aspect is supplemented with advice on the prevention of health hazards. Not only individual athletes but also sports organizations and local clubs will have to respond to the changes in our climate, so that they can appropriately protect both athletes and spectators and ensure a plannable continuation of the sport in the future.

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Tiere als Vektoren und Reservoire von Erregern importierter lebensbedrohender Infektionskrankheiten

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Viral Zoonoses – A Threat under Control?

Viral Zoonoses – A Threat under Control?

Gesundheitsschädlinge

Sport and climate change—how will climate change affect sport?

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