Tillage and growth of a wheat crop in a loamy sand

Hamblin, AP; Tennant, D.; Cochrane, H.R.

doi:10.1071/ar9820887

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our results clearly demonstrate the positive effect of some form of cultivation on growth and yield ofwheat and agree with direct drilling investigations of other workers (Rowel1 et al 1977;Hamblin et al 1982;Mason and Fischer 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Reeves and Ellington 1974;Rowel1 et al 1977;Hamblin and Tennant 1979;Gates et al 198 1;Delroy and Bowden 1986;Mason and Fischer 1986). Factors found to contribute to a reduced vigour of direct drilled crops are soil strength (Hamblin and Tennant 1979), soil moisture (Hamblin et al 1982), and soil nitrogen (Gates et al 198 1;Delroy and Bowden 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

Mead¹,

Chan²

1988

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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The preparation of a seedbed using either conventional cultivation (3 scarifyings) or deep tillage increased the vegetative and grain yield of a wheat crop (cv. Banks in 1983, and Quarrion in 1984) when compared with the direct drill technique of crop establishment on a hard-setting red duplex soil (Dr 2.62). Neither vegetative nor grain yield was increased by the inclusion of a deep tillage operation on the conventionally cultivated treatment prior to seedbed preparation with a scarifier.The poor seedling vigour of direct drilled plots was eliminated by deep tillage. However, the effect of deep tillage was short-lived. The importance of good soil physical condition during crop establishment was highlighted by the recompaction of the cultivated soil to bulk density and shear strength levels similar to those ofthe uncultivated plots in the latter part ofthe growing season. Because of the fragile nature of the soil, there were no residual benefits from the deep tillage operation on the undisturbed plots in the following season.Although cultivation had obvious benefits in enhancing seedling vigour on the hard-setting soil, the destruction of the soil's macroporosity reduced water infiltration down the soil profile. The adoption of conservation farming practices on hard-setting soils should initially involve reduced cultivation techniques to promote early seedling vigour. This cultivation should be timed to minimise the risks of soil erosion and recompaction. Further work is needed to identify the optimal cultivation techniques for these soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

Mead¹,

Chan²

1988

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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“…Soil strengths of 2.5 MPa in the hardpan zone of a loamy sand caused a severe reduction in root growth of wheat (Hamblin et al 1982), but nevertheless there was a significant relationship between root depth at anthesis and above-ground DM at harvest. The red clay became progressively harder with depth, reaching 4 MPa at 0.6 m, but unlike the sandy duplex, there was no relationship between root depth at anthesis and above-ground DM at harvest.…”

Section: Root Depth In the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hardpans of compacted soil form at depths of 0.15 to 0.25 m in south-western Australia (Hamblin et al 1982), in response to traffic from heavy farm machinery, intensive cropping, grazing stock and inappropriate soil management (Hamza and Anderson 2005). Hardpans have a high soil bulk density and small soil pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic differences in root penetration ability of wheat through thin wax layers in contrasting water regimes and in the field

2007

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A significant proportion of arable land in south-western Australia is highly susceptible to subsoil compaction, which limits access of roots of wheat to water and nutrients at depth. Genotypic variation in the ability of roots to penetrate a hardpan has been reported for other cereals, using a pot technique, where a thin wax-layer of paraffin wax and petroleum jelly is placed in a soil column to simulate a hardpan. Previously we have modified and validated this technique for measuring root penetration ability of wheat seedlings under contrasting water regimes. Here we report on a series of five experiments (runs), two in well-watered and three in drought stress conditions, which evaluated seminal and nodal root penetration ability through thin wax layers among 24 Australian wheat cultivars and breeding lines (entries). These results were compared with observations on their rooting depths in two contrasting soil types in field trials, including a sandy duplex that contained a hardpan and a red clay that increased in soil strength with depth. Nodal roots ceased growth early under soil water deficit, and water uptake was instead dependant on seminal roots under conditions imposed in the pots. Plants were then reliant on the ability of seminal roots to penetrate the wax layer. Eight entries had superior root penetration ability in both well-watered and drought stressed conditions. Roots of three other entries, which failed to penetrate the wax layers, died under drought stress conditions. In field trials, there was a significant interaction between site and entry for maximum root depth. Our results from the pot studies and field trials indicate that there exists genotypic variation in root traits that are required to penetrate uniformly hard soil, dry soil or soil containing a hardpan. As four of the eight superior entries also showed superior root penetration ability at both sites in the field, there was an overall consistency, but there were exceptions at individual field sites. Factors likely to result in such exceptions were discussed, and topics for further research identified.

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“…In a study in central Thailand, sugarcane yield was lower with notillage treatment than with tillage during the planting year and the first ratooning year (Grange et al 2002). In Australia, lower crop yields under no-tillage treatment than under comparative tillage treatments have been reported (Hamblin et al 1982;White 1990). However, reports of no difference in crop yield between no-tillage and tillage treatments have come from Thailand on clay loam and sandy loam soils (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of No-tillage Cultivation On Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon balance in maize fields under cattle manure application and no-tillage cultivation in Northeast Thailand

Matsumoto

Paisancharoen

Hakamata

2008

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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This study was carried out to analyze the effects of cattle manure application and no-tillage cultivation on changes in soil carbon stock and carbon balance in maize (Zea mays L.) fields in infertile tropical sandy soil in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. The experimental field was treated for 3 years from August 1999 to June 2002 with conventional cultivation, cattle manure application and no-tillage cultivation. Cattle manure was applied at a rate of 20 Mg ha -2 (fresh weight) 5 days before sowing maize. Weeds in the notillage cultivation field were sprayed with herbicide and dead weeds were left in the field. Soil was sampled at 0-50 cm depth before plowing in the first-third years and 1 year after the third year of the experiment. The CO 2 flux from the soil surface was measured using the alkaline absorption method every 1-4 weeks throughout the period. The biomass of maize and weeds was stable under conventional cultivation, increased with cattle manure application, and decreased with no-tillage cultivation. Soil carbon stock in the 0-30 cm soil depth increased from 16.0, 11.0 and 13.3 Mg C ha -1 at the start of the experiment to 17.1, 18.2 and 15.9 Mg C ha -1 3 years later in the conventional cultivation, cattle manure application and notillage cultivation treatments, respectively. The CO 2 flux from the soil surface of the maize field was 10.1-11.5 Mg C ha -1 year -1 under conventional cultivation and 8.5-9.4 Mg C ha -1 year -1 under no-tillage cultivation over the 3 years of the experiment. With cattle manure application, the CO 2 flux was 10.5 Mg C ha -1 year -1 in the first year, which was not different from the other treatments; this increased to 13.3-15.3 Mg C ha -1 year -1 in the second and third years. Analysis of the carbon balance showed that the applied cattle manure increased the soil carbon stock and plant biomass, which consequently further increased carbon input to the soil. In the no-tillage cultivation treatment, carbon loss by CO 2 flux from the soil was low, although carbon input to the soil by returning maize residues and weeds was also low; hence, only a small amount of carbon input accumulated in the soil.

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Tillage and growth of a wheat crop in a loamy sand

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

Genotypic differences in root penetration ability of wheat through thin wax layers in contrasting water regimes and in the field

Carbon balance in maize fields under cattle manure application and no-tillage cultivation in Northeast Thailand

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