Time and Energy Management During Descent and Approach: Batch Simulation Study

Time and Energy Management During Approach: A Human-in-the-Loop Study

“…Moreover, using strategic replanning, deviations are allowed within boundaries and, hence, deviations are not absolutely minimized. 5 Results show that even with a perfect, zero-delay pilot response, much of the allowed time deviation is already consumed by these modeling simplifications and errors. This leaves little room for additional disturbances, such as a delayed and varying pilot response.…”

“…This section briefly describes the TEMO concept, algorithms and procedure; for a detailed discussion the reader is referred to Ref. [5].…”

“…5 The configuration change speed is shown on the the Primary Flight Display (PFD) speed tape and a flap 'hook', left of the speed-tape, shows the second next flap speed. The speed tape also shows the commanded Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), commanded speed-trend (extended from the bullet) and speed target (magenta triangle).…”

“…5 TEMO uses energy principles to reduce aircraft fuel burn, gaseous emissions and noise nuisance whilst maintaining runway capacity. TEMO differs from other CDO concepts [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] by explicitly using an energy management algorithm 13 to achieve a continuous engine-idle descent, while satisfying time constraints at two control points, Initial Approach Fix (IAF) and the runway threshold.…”

Performance comparison of guidance strategies to accomplish RTAs during a CDO

“…Other guidance strategies suitable to accomplish RTAs during a CDO have been proposed as a part of the Time and Energy Managed Operations (TEMO) concept [8], [9]. These strategies have in common to manage the energy of the aircraft (altitude and speed) such that time constraints are satisfied.…”