In this chapter, we trace the blooming field of child psychotherapy in historical perspective and speculate about future developments. We begin with a discussion of early treatments and move on to explore the organizing constructs of the therapeutic alliance, use of interpretation, integration of developmental issues, evolution of the child guidance movement, and influences of institutional and social policy.
EARLIEST EFFORTS AT CHILD TREATMENTJean-Marc Itard probably began the earliest attempt at child psychotherapy documented in the scholarly literature when he sought to "civilize" the "wild boy of Aveyron" (Itard, 1799(Itard, /1932. The child, whom Itard called Victor, appeared 10 to 12 years old when discovered living in the wild and presumably on his own since the age of 2 or 3. Itard used an intensive treatment,