Time spent in distinct life-history stages has sex-specific effects on reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon

Mobley, Kenyon B.; Granroth‐Wilding, Hanna; Ellmen, Mikko; Orell, Panu; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Primmer, Craig R.

doi:10.1101/688572

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Given that larger size at a given sea age is indicative of higher performance and fitness in adult salmon (e.g. Fleming, 1996; Mobley et al., 2020), the six6 * L allele (being linked to larger size) may be expected to have a selective advantage over the E allele and is hence predicted to prevail within and among populations as a result of directional selection. However, the six6 genomic region is highly variable within and among populations (Barson et al., 2015; Pritchard et al., 2018), and balancing selection appears to be the pervasive mode of evolution, with both alleles exerting fitness advantage with different life‐history strategies (Barson et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

Aykanat

Rasmussen

Ozerov

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Animals employ various foraging strategies along their ontogeny to acquire energy, and with varying degree of efficiencies, to support growth, maturation and subsequent reproduction events. Individuals that can efficiently acquire energy early are more likely to mature at an earlier age, as a result of faster energy gain which can fuel maturation and reproduction. 2. We aimed to test the hypothesis that heritable resource acquisition variation that co-varies with efficiency along the ontogeny would influence maturation timing of individuals. 3. To test this hypothesis, we utilized Atlantic salmon as a model which exhibit a simple, hence trackable, genetic control of maturation age. We then monitored the variation in diet acquisition (quantified as stomach fullness and composition) of individuals with different ages, and linked it with genomic regions (haploblocks) that were previously identified to be associated with age-atmaturity. 4. Consistent with the hypothesis, we demonstrated that one of the life history genomic regions tested (six6) was indeed associated with age-dependent differences in stomach fullness. Prey composition was marginally linked to six6 and suggestively but non-significantly to vgll3 genomic regions. We further

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

Aykanat

Rasmussen

Ozerov

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…However, the strength and direction of selection on size was sometimes dependent on sex and year (Table 4 ; Kodama et al, 2012 ). Age, which is generally correlated with size, also demonstrated a positive relationship with LRS in some studies (Mobley et al, 2019 , 2020 ), but the results were sex‐specific in another study which demonstrated a positive relationship in males, but a more complex relationship in females (Christie et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Life History and Phenotypic Variation On Lifetime Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Life‐history traits such as adult migration timing and duration spent in freshwater versus ocean are often variable within salmonid populations (Quinn et al, 2016 ) but have also largely been unaccounted for in studies of LRS with only a few recent exceptions (Ford et al, 2016 ; Janowitz‐Koch et al, 2019 ; Mobley et al, 2020 ). Given that genes of major effect have been shown to drive phenotypic variation for these traits across species of salmonids (Barson et al, 2015 ; Prince et al, 2017 ; Waters et al, 2021 ), accounting for trait variation can substantially influence estimates of LRS within populations.…”

Section: Caveats Future Directions and Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids

Koch

Narum

2021

Evolutionary Applications

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Lifetime reproductive success (LRS), the number of offspring produced over an organism's lifetime, is a fundamental component of Darwinian fitness. For taxa such as salmonids with multiple species of conservation concern, understanding the factors affecting LRS is critical for the development and implementation of successful conservation management practices. Here, we reviewed the published literature to synthesize factors affecting LRS in salmonids including significant effects of hatchery rearing, life history, and phenotypic variation, and behavioral and spawning interactions. Additionally, we found that LRS is affected by competitive behavior on the spawning grounds, genetic compatibility, local adaptation, and hybridization. Our review of existing literature revealed limitations of LRS studies, and we emphasize the following areas that warrant further attention in future research: (1) expanding the range of studies assessing LRS across different life‐history strategies, specifically accounting for distinct reproductive and migratory phenotypes; (2) broadening the variety of species represented in salmonid fitness studies; (3) constructing multigenerational pedigrees to track long‐term fitness effects; (4) conducting LRS studies that investigate the effects of aquatic stressors, such as anthropogenic effects, pathogens, environmental factors in both freshwater and marine environments, and assessing overall body condition, and (5) utilizing appropriate statistical approaches to determine the factors that explain the greatest variation in fitness and providing information regarding biological significance, power limitations, and potential sources of error in salmonid parentage studies. Overall, this review emphasizes that studies of LRS have profoundly advanced scientific understanding of salmonid fitness, but substantial challenges need to be overcome to assist with long‐term recovery of these keystone species in aquatic ecosystems.

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“…Substantial variation in Atlantic salmon sea age at maturity is maintained due to a trade-off between mating success at spawning grounds and survival, whereby individuals that mature later are larger and have higher reproductive success on the spawning grounds, but lower survival and thus lower chance of reaching reproductive age. In contrast individuals that mature early are smaller and have lower reproductive success, but higher survival and thus higher chance of reaching reproductive age [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the loci underlying maturation timing in Atlantic salmon using haplotype and multi-SNP based association methods

Sinclair-Waters

Nome

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Resolving the genetic architecture of fitness-related traits is key to understanding the evolution and maintenance of fitness variation. However, well-characterized genetic architectures of such traits in wild populations remain uncommon. In this study, we used haplotype-based and multi-SNP Bayesian association methods with sequencing data for 313 individuals from wild populations to further characterize known candidate regions for sea age at maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We detected an association at five loci (on chromosomes ssa06, ssa09, ssa21, and ssa25) out of 116 candidates previously identified in an aquaculture strain with maturation timing in wild Atlantic salmon. We found that at each of these five loci, variation explained by the locus was predominantly driven by a single SNP suggesting the genetic architecture of Atlantic salmon maturation includes multiple loci with simple, non-clustered alleles. This highlights the diversity of genetic architectures that can exist for fitness-related traits. Furthermore, this study provides a useful multi-SNP framework for future work using sequencing data to characterize genetic variation underlying phenotypes in wild populations.

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Time spent in distinct life-history stages has sex-specific effects on reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Life‐history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

Life‐history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization

An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids

Dissecting the loci underlying maturation timing in Atlantic salmon using haplotype and multi-SNP based association methods

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