Timing performance of a Micro-Channel-Plate Photomultiplier Tube

Bortfeldt, J.; Brunbauer, F.; David, C.; Desforge, D.; Fanourakis, G.; Gallinaro, M.; García, F.; Giomataris, I.; Gustavsson, T.; Guyot, C.; Iguaz, F.J.; Kebbiri, M.; Kordas, K.; Legou, P.; Liu, J.; Lupberger, M.; Manthos, I.; Müller, H.; Niaouris, Vasileios; Oliveri, E.; Papaevangelou, T.; Paraschou, K.; Pomorski, M.; Resnati, F.; Ropelewski, L.; Sampsonidis, D.; Schneider, Thomas; Schwemling, Ph.; Scorsone, Emmanuel; Sohl, L.; Stenis, M. van; Tsipolitis, Y.; Tzamarias, S.; Veenhof, R.; Wang, Xiong; White, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.163592

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A radial non-uniformity (up to about 60 ps) of the MCP-PMT time response was observed as a function of the distance of the MIP impact point from the centre of the MCP-PMT. A similar effect has also been reported in other studies [6]. This non-uniformity was studied in dedicated runs in which the relative position of the MCP-PMT and of a single crystal bar was varied.…”

Section: Micro Channel Plate Photomultiplier As Time Referencesupporting

confidence: 76%

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector

Abbott¹,

Abreu²,

Addesa³

et al. 2021

J. Inst.

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The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities for detection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the High Luminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. The central portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will be instrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, and degrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result of radiation damage. In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeV proton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolution of unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed for the barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars with dimensions of about 3 × 3 × 57 mm 3 and with double-ended SiPM readout, is demonstrated. This design provides a robust time measurement independent of the impact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. We tested LYSO:Ce bars of different thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference design and coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler. The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystal thickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), and impact angle of the MIP are studied. A time resolution of about 28 ps is measured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to a most probable value (MPV) of energy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energy deposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target for unirradiated devices.

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Section: Micro Channel Plate Photomultiplier As Time Referencesupporting

confidence: 76%

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector

Abbott¹,

Abreu²,

Addesa³

et al. 2021

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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“…Despite comparatively low detection efficiencies (10-40% typical in the visible region [51]), the timing jitter can be extremely low, e.g. <10 ps in the study by Bortfeldt et al [52], and PMTs are still widely used in a range of applications [53,54]. SPADs are based on semiconductor pn junctions reverse biased above the breakdown voltage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip

Xavier

Jones

et al. 2021

Nanophotonics

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Quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology pave the way for promising routes to fulfil the present day fundamental and technological demands for integrated chips which surpass the classical functional and measurement limits. The most precise measurements of optical properties such as phase or intensity require quantum optical measurement schemes. These non-classical measurements exploit phenomena such as entanglement and squeezing of optical probe states. They are also subject to lower detection limits as compared to classical photodetection schemes. Biosensing with non-classical light sources of entangled photons or squeezed light holds the key for realizing quantum optical bioscience laboratories which could be integrated on chip. Single-molecule sensing with such non-classical sources of light would be a forerunner to attaining the smallest uncertainty and the highest information per photon number. This demands an integrated non-classical sensing approach which would combine the subtle non-deterministic measurement techniques of quantum optics with the device-level integration capabilities attained through nanophotonics as well as nanoplasmonics. In this back drop, we review the underlining principles in quantum sensing, the quantum optical probes and protocols as well as state-of-the-art building blocks in quantum optical sensing. We further explore the recent developments in quantum photonic/plasmonic sensing and imaging together with the potential of combining them with burgeoning field of coupled cavity integrated optoplasmonic biosensing platforms.

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“…We expect the development of head-mounted 2P miniscopes to continue during the years to come. While the MINI2P microscope has now been miniaturized sufficiently for use in a broad range of behavioral tasks that afford unrestrained behavior, miniature optics such as metalenses will lead to further decreases in weight and size of the microscope (Arbabi et al, 2018), and miniaturized photodetectors will allow in-situ signal detection so that the connection cable can be yet more flexible (Bortfeldt et al, 2020). Moreover, while the current miniscope enables recording from more than a thousand neurons at a time, pulse-multiplexing technology (Cheng et al, 2011) and adaptive optics (Ji, 2017; Wang et al, 2014) will undoubtedly increase the cell yield further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice

Zong

Obenhaus

Skytøen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution, multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a microscope weight below 3g and a highly flexible connection cable, MINI2P allowed imaging to proceed with no impediment of behavior in half-hour free-foraging trials compared to untethered, unimplanted animals. The improved cell yield was achieved through a new optical system design featuring an enlarged field of view (FOV) and a new micro-tunable lens with increased z-scanning range and speed that allowed for fast and stable imaging of multiple, interleaved planes as well as 3D functional imaging. A novel technique for successive imaging across multiple, adjacent FOVs enabled recordings from more than 10,000 neurons in the same animal. Large-scale proof-of-principle data were obtained from cell populations in visual cortex, medial entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, revealing spatial tuning of cells in all areas, including visual cortex.

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Timing performance of a Micro-Channel-Plate Photomultiplier Tube

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector

Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip

Large-scale two-photon calcium imaging in freely moving mice

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