tiRNAs: A novel class of small noncoding RNAs that helps cells respond to stressors and plays roles in cancer progression

Tao, En-Wei; Cheng, Wing Yin; Li, Weilin; Gao, Qin-Yan

doi:10.1002/jcp.29057

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that 5'-tiRNAs (5'-tiRNA-Ala and 5'-tiRNA-Cys) contain 5'-terminal oligoguanine motifs (5'-TOGs) and may replace eIF4F, a eukaryotic translation initiation factor, at mRNA m 7 GTP position to inhibit translation initiation and produce multiple mRNA protein complexes (mRNPs) (45). These tiRNAs may further bind to the cold shock domain (CSD) of YBX-1 RNA binding protein to form 5'-TOG-tiRNA-protein complexes and then stimulate the production of stress granules (SGs) (6,31,37,38,45,46) (Figure 5). 5'-tiRNAs may induce SGs assembling via phosphorylated eiF2α (6,10,11,17,38,39).…”

Section: Translation Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies showed that tsRNAs derived from tRNA also bind to cytochrome C 36 , which then bind to apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) and form apoptotic bodies 36 . In response to hyperosmotic stress, ANG mediates the competitive binding of 5'-tiRNA and 3'-tiRNA to cytochrome C generating the ribonucleoprotein complex, inhibits the formation and activity of apoptotic bodies, and stimulates cellular survival 10 , 36 - 38 (Figure 3 ). However, the complete biological mechanisms remain unclear and require further investigation.…”

Section: Basic Biological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

Wang¹,

Yan²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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Transfer RNA-derived small RNA(tsRNA) is a type of non-coding tRNA undergoing cleavage by specific nucleases such as Dicer. TsRNAs comprise of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs). Based on the splicing site within the tRNA, tRFs can be classified into tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5, and i-tRF. TiRNAs can be classified into 5′-tiRNA and 3′-tiRNA. Both tRFs and tiRNAs have important roles in carcinogenesis, especially cancer of digestive system. TRFs and tiRNAs can promote cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of oncogenes, combining with RNA binding proteins such as Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) to prevent transcription. Despite many reviews on the basic biological function of tRFs and tiRNAs, few have described their correlation with tumors especially gastrointestinal tumor. This review focused on the relationship of tRFs and tiRNAs with the biological behavior, clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of digestive system tumors, and would provide novel insights for the early detection and treatment of digestive system tumors.

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Section: Translation Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Biological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

Wang¹,

Yan²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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“…tRNA-Derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNA): Several non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and transfer RNAs have been involved in the adaptation of cells to stress stimuli[ 62 ]. Among them, tiRNA represent a novel class of non-coding RNAs generated in stress conditions by cleavage of mature tRNAs in the anticodon loop by angiogenin[ 62 ]. tiRNAs contribute to SGs formation by interacting with YB-1[ 62 ].…”

Section: Role Of Stress Granules In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, tiRNA represent a novel class of non-coding RNAs generated in stress conditions by cleavage of mature tRNAs in the anticodon loop by angiogenin[ 62 ]. tiRNAs contribute to SGs formation by interacting with YB-1[ 62 ]. Moreover, tiRNAs can form G-quadruplex structures, which impair translation initiation by sequestering eIF4F complex[ 62 ].…”

Section: Role Of Stress Granules In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tiRNAs contribute to SGs formation by interacting with YB-1[ 62 ]. Moreover, tiRNAs can form G-quadruplex structures, which impair translation initiation by sequestering eIF4F complex[ 62 ]. Although the role of tiRNA in carcinogenesis is an emerging field, angiogenin is strongly upregulated in CRC as compared to non-tumoral tissues and promotes cancer progression by generating tiRNAs ( e.g ., 5’-tiRNA-val)[ 63 ].…”

Section: Role Of Stress Granules In Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress granules in colorectal cancer: Current knowledge and potential therapeutic applications

Legrand¹,

Dixon²,

Sobolewski³

2020

WJG

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Stress granules (SGs) represent important non-membrane cytoplasmic compartments, involved in cellular adaptation to various stressful conditions ( e.g ., hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress). These granules contain several scaffold proteins and RNA-binding proteins, which bind to mRNAs and keep them translationally silent while protecting them from harmful conditions. Although the role of SGs in cancer development is still poorly known and vary between cancer types, increasing evidence indicate that the expression and/or the activity of several key SGs components are deregulated in colorectal tumors but also in pre-neoplastic conditions ( e.g ., inflammatory bowel disease), thus suggesting a potential role in the onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is therefore believed that SGs formation importantly contributes to various steps of colorectal tumorigenesis but also in chemoresistance. As CRC is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, development of new therapeutic targets is needed to offset the development of chemoresistance and formation of metastasis. Abolishing SGs assembly may therefore represent an appealing therapeutic strategy to re-sensitize colon cancer cells to anti-cancer chemotherapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SGs in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be employed to target them.

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tRNA‐derived fragments: Unveiling new roles and molecular mechanisms in cancer progression

Lu,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

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AbstracttRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) are novel small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that range from approximately 14 to 50 nt. They are generated by the cleavage of mature tRNAs or precursor tRNAs (pre‐tRNAs) at specific sites. Based on their origin and length, tRFs can be classified into three categories: (1) tRF‐1 s; (2) tRF‐3 s, tRF‐5 s, and internal tRFs (i‐tRFs); and (3) tRNA halves. They play important roles in stress response, signal transduction, and gene expression processes. Recent studies have identified differential expression of tRFs in various tumors. Aberrantly expressed tRFs have critical clinical value and show promise as new biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis and as therapeutic targets. tRFs regulate the malignant progression of tumors via various mechanisms, primarily including modulation of noncoding RNA biogenesis, global chromatin organization, gene expression regulation, modulation of protein translation, regulation of epigenetic modification, and alternative splicing regulation. In conclusion, tRF‐mediated regulatory pathways could present new avenues for tumor treatment, and tRFs could serve as promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.

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tiRNAs: A novel class of small noncoding RNAs that helps cells respond to stressors and plays roles in cancer progression

Abstract: tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs), important components of tRNA-derived

Cited by 60 publications

References 79 publications

The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

Stress granules in colorectal cancer: Current knowledge and potential therapeutic applications

tRNA‐derived fragments: Unveiling new roles and molecular mechanisms in cancer progression

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