Tissue Distribution of Gossypol Enantiomers in Broilers Fed Various Cottonseed Meals

Abstract

Plasma and tissue concentrations of total, (+)- and (-)-gossypol were determined in broilers fed cottonseed meals (CSM) from eight oil mills (five expander solvent, two expeller, and one direct solvent). Free gossypol in the meals ranged from 0.033 to 0.180%, and total gossypol ranged from 0.974 to 1.459%. The (+)-enantiomer of gossypol varied from 53.8 to 61.3% of total gossypol. Eight CSM diets containing 28% CSM and a soybean meal control diet were fed to 162 1-d-old male broiler chicks during a 3-wk starter period. Concentrations of free gossypol in the CSM diets ranged from 92 to 504 microg/g, and total gossypol ranged from 2,626 to 4,085 microg/g. All diets were formulated with the same concentrations of digestible lysine and methionine and were fed ad libitum. At 21 d of age, there were no significant differences in body weights, feed conversions, or mortality of birds fed the CSM diets when compared to birds fed the soybean meal diet. Concentrations of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in plasma, liver, kidney, and muscle increased linearly as the level of free gossypol increased in the diets. Liver had the highest concentration of total gossypol (71.4 to 313.6 microg/g DM) followed by kidney (9.2 to 36.3 microg/g DM), plasma (3.0 to 14.6 microg/mL), and muscle (2.1 to 9.8 microg/g DM). The proportion of (-)-gossypol was higher in plasma (26.7%) and kidney (25.6%) than in muscle (19.1%) and liver (16.0%). Performance data from this study indicate CSM can be used successfully in chick starter diets at levels up to 28% when diets are formulated on a digestible amino acid basis.

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…Free gossypol, including gossypol derivatives and transformation or breakdown products, can be toxic to single-stomached animals. The free form is found as two enantiomers, (+) and (-) (Huang et al, 1987) and the ratio may vary between varieties and processing methods (Gamboa et al, 2001). …”

Influence of pre‐press solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal supplemented with exogenous enzyme and digestible lysine on performance, digestibility, carcass and immunity responses of broiler chickens

“…The CSM contains 41–44% CP depending on the extent of hull separation prior to the oil extraction process. It is used primarily in ruminant diets because of their high tolerance for gossypol (Gamboa et al., 2001a).…”

effets de la substitution totale du tourteau d’arachide par la fève de coton glandless sur les performances zootechniques de poulets de chair au sénégal

“…L'évolution du poids des animaux du lot Tém_C a été exponen tielle, alors que dans les autres lots cette croissance a été sigmoï dale (figure 1 (11). Plusieurs auteurs montrent que les performances des animaux dépendent non seulement de la teneur en GL dans la ration mais également des divers traitements de la graine de coton qui influent beaucoup sur la valeur nutritive du tourteau utilisé et donc de l'aliment (14,19,34).…”