Recent work has demonstrated that allopolyploid speciation in plants may be associated with non-Mendelian genomic changes in the early generations following polyploid synthesis. To address the question of whether rapid genomic changes also occur in allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium) species, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed to evaluate nine sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid and allohexaploid plants, their parents, and the selfed progeny from colchicine-doubled synthetics. Using both methylation-sensitive and methylationinsensitive enzymes, the extent of fragment additivity in newly combined genomes was ascertained for a total of approximately 22 000 genomic loci. Fragment additivity was observed in nearly all cases, with the few exceptions most likely reflecting parental heterozygosity or experimental error. In addition, genomic Southern analysis on six sets of synthetic allopolyploids probed with five retrotransposons also revealed complete additivity. Because no alterations were observed using methylation-sensitive isoschizomers, epigenetic changes following polyploid synthesis were also minimal. These indications of genomic additivity and epigenetic stasis during allopolyploid formation provide a contrast to recent evidence from several model plant allopolyploids, most notably wheat and Brassica, where rapid and unexplained genomic changes have been reported. In addition, the data contrast with evidence from repetitive DNAs in Gossypium, some of which are subject to non-Mendelian molecular evolutionary phenomena in extant polyploids. These contrasts indicate polyploid speciation in plants is accompanied by a diverse array of molecular evolutionary phenomena, which will vary among both genomic constituents and taxa.Key words: polyploidy, genome evolution, cotton, Gossypium, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).Résumé : De récents travaux ont démontré que la spéciation via l'allopolyploïdisation chez les plantes s'accompagne parfois de changements génomiques non-mendéliens au cours des premières générations. Afin de déterminer si des changements génomiques rapides surviennent chez des espèces allopolyploïdes du cotonnier (Gossypium), une analyse AFLP (polymorphisme de longueur des fragments amplifiés) a été faite pour évaluer neuf jeux d'hybrides synthétiques allotétraploïdes ou allohexaploïdes, leurs parents et la progéniture obtenue par autofécondation suite au doublement chromosomique induit par la colchicine. À l'aide d'enzymes sensibles ou insensibles à la méthylation, le degré d'additivité des fragments a été évalué chez les génomes nouvellement combinés pour environ 22 000 locus génomi-ques. L'additivité des fragments a été observée dans presque tous les cas et les quelques rares exceptions reflétaient vraisemblablement une hétérozygotie parentale ou une erreur expérimentale. De plus, des analyses Southern sur six jeux d'allopolyploïdes examinés à l'aide de sondes constituées de rétrotransposons ont également révélé une complète additivité. Comm...

Background and objective: Prior small-scale clinical trials showed that Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra infusions, decoctions, capsules, or tablets were low cost, easy to use, and efficient in curing malaria infections. In a larger-scale trial in Kalima district, Democratic Republic of Congo, we aimed to show A. annua and/or A. afra infusions were superior or at least equivalent to artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) against malaria.

Analysis of DNA methylation patterns associated with drought stress response in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP).Environmental and Experimental Botany http://dx.

We confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this study that could have influenced its outcome.