Abstract:Tissue processing is the technique by which fixed tissues are made suitable for embedding within a supportive medium such as paraffin, and consists of three sequential steps: dehydration, clearing, and infiltration. In most clinical and research settings, tissue processing is accomplished using an automated tissue processor, with or without microwave-assistance. To ensure high-quality results, processing protocols should be tailored to tissue size and composition by modifying variables such as reagents used an… Show more
“…The primary purpose of tissue processing is to efficiently replace water content present in the tissues with another medium, enhancing tissue support and solidification [24]. In histology laboratories, the most frequently utilized clearing reagent for tissue processing is xylene, as it facilitates paraffin infiltration [2,25]. Nevertheless, it is well established that xylene poses potential hazards to the health of researchers and the environment [18,26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Histology plays a crucial role in medical research, primarily focusing on the detailed microscopic examination of cells and tissues [1]. Tissue processing involves tissue preservation, dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration, which is fundamental for the preparation of fixed tissues [2]. The essential purpose of this tissue processing is to provide structural support for morphological preservation during sectioning, and it can be achieved via embedding the tissue in a liquid paraffin.…”
The microscopic observation of lung tissue is challenging due to its fragile nature. Xylene and isopropanol are common tissue-clearing reagents used before paraffin embedding, yet no studies have compared these two reagents in lung tissue processing. Due to the well-known health risks xylene could introduce to operators, as well as its environmental hazards, it has long been desired that a less harmful alternative to xylene with the same staining effects be introduced. Thus, we systematically assessed the efficacy of isopropanol as a substitution for xylene. Lung tissue obtained from diseased donors and explanted lungs from recipients were processed simultaneously using either xylene or isopropanol prior to paraffin embedding. Scoring of the overall staining quality after H&E staining, along with the ease of sectioning, was compared systematically. Fluorescent staining was performed to explore alveolar morphology and the overall lectin fluorescence signal between groups. To understand differences in antibody staining, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and elastin was examined. No difference was observed with regard to ease of sectioning, staining quality, alveolar circularity, alveolar wall thickness or the SNR between slides processed with xylene or isopropanol. This study demonstrated comparable outcomes of isopropanol and xylene in lung tissue processing, suggesting isopropanol as a more favorable, operator- and environment-friendly substitute for xylene with regards to tissue processing.
“…The primary purpose of tissue processing is to efficiently replace water content present in the tissues with another medium, enhancing tissue support and solidification [24]. In histology laboratories, the most frequently utilized clearing reagent for tissue processing is xylene, as it facilitates paraffin infiltration [2,25]. Nevertheless, it is well established that xylene poses potential hazards to the health of researchers and the environment [18,26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Histology plays a crucial role in medical research, primarily focusing on the detailed microscopic examination of cells and tissues [1]. Tissue processing involves tissue preservation, dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration, which is fundamental for the preparation of fixed tissues [2]. The essential purpose of this tissue processing is to provide structural support for morphological preservation during sectioning, and it can be achieved via embedding the tissue in a liquid paraffin.…”
The microscopic observation of lung tissue is challenging due to its fragile nature. Xylene and isopropanol are common tissue-clearing reagents used before paraffin embedding, yet no studies have compared these two reagents in lung tissue processing. Due to the well-known health risks xylene could introduce to operators, as well as its environmental hazards, it has long been desired that a less harmful alternative to xylene with the same staining effects be introduced. Thus, we systematically assessed the efficacy of isopropanol as a substitution for xylene. Lung tissue obtained from diseased donors and explanted lungs from recipients were processed simultaneously using either xylene or isopropanol prior to paraffin embedding. Scoring of the overall staining quality after H&E staining, along with the ease of sectioning, was compared systematically. Fluorescent staining was performed to explore alveolar morphology and the overall lectin fluorescence signal between groups. To understand differences in antibody staining, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and elastin was examined. No difference was observed with regard to ease of sectioning, staining quality, alveolar circularity, alveolar wall thickness or the SNR between slides processed with xylene or isopropanol. This study demonstrated comparable outcomes of isopropanol and xylene in lung tissue processing, suggesting isopropanol as a more favorable, operator- and environment-friendly substitute for xylene with regards to tissue processing.
“…The tissue was then dappled with eosin (5 min), washed with running water (5 min) and dehydrated in 70%, 95%, 99% and absolute alcohol. The samples were then cleared in xylol I and II (5 min), after which they were mounted on slides for microscopic analysis [ 69 , 70 ].…”
Hydrogel is a biomaterial widely used in several areas of industry due to its great biocompatibility and adaptability to biological tissues. In Brazil, the Calendula plant is approved by the Ministry of Health as a medicinal herb. It was chosen to be incorporated in the hydrogel formulation because of its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing effects. This study synthesized polyacrylamide hydrogel containing calendula extract and evaluated its efficiency as a bandage for wound healing. The hydrogels were prepared using free radical polymerization and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, swelling analysis and mechanical properties by texturometer. The morphology of the matrices showed large pores and foliaceous structure. In vivo testing, as well as the evaluation of acute dermal toxicity, was conducted using male Wistar rats. The tests indicated efficient collagen fiber production, improved skin repair and no signs of dermal toxicity. Thus, the hydrogel presents compatible properties for the controlled release of calendula extract used as a bandage to promote cicatrization.
“… Process tissue and stain for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) according to Aziz et al. 9 Assess histology of the tissue by H&E staining and determine the boundaries of the tumor tissue ( Figure 4 A). Figure 4 Histopathological analysis of treated tumors (A) Histopathology by H&E of control and radiation treated tumor harvested as shown in Figure 3 .…”
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