Tissue-Specific Features of Innate Lymphoid Cells

Meininger, Isabel; Carrasco, Anna; Rao, Anna; Soini, Tea; Kokkinou, Efthymia; Mjösberg, Jenny

doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.08.009

Cited by 126 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…ILCs have a phenotype close to the one of lymphocytes but lack the expression of TCR, BCR, and any myeloid lineage Review markers. Different groups of ILCs (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) with unique phenotypes and different functions have been identified (Meininger et al, 2020). Recent studies have shown that the specific gene signature of ILCs depends on the tissue microenvironment in humans (Yudanin et al, 2019) and in mice (Zeis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ilc2s: Does Their Function Overlap With Th2 Cells In Type 2-high Asthma? Characterization and Activation Of Ilc2smentioning

confidence: 99%

The basic immunology of asthma

Hammad

Lambrecht

2021

Cell

567

327

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Section: Ilc2s: Does Their Function Overlap With Th2 Cells In Type 2-high Asthma? Characterization and Activation Of Ilc2smentioning

confidence: 99%

The basic immunology of asthma

Hammad

Lambrecht

2021

Cell

567

327

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“…This review has discussed unconventional lymphocytes in lung, skin and gut and it is notable that there are many similarities in responses between tissues. While ILC, for example, display a high degree of tissue dependent gene signatures (21,106,107), their reported mechanisms for promoting barrier repair are remarkably similar across sites. We have also seen a common theme among ILC2 for responses to IL-33 resulting in Areg production, with IL-13 playing a myeloid or stem cell instructive role.…”

Section: Site Specific Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes

2021

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Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventional lymphocytes, which lack rearranged antigen receptors or express only a limited range of such receptors, such as ILCs (Innate Lymphoid Cells), γδ T Cells and MAIT (Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells). Recent studies have uncovered critical roles for unconventional lymphocytes in regulating mucosal barrier function, and, in particular, have highlighted their important involvement in barrier repair. The production of growth factors such as amphiregulin by ILC2, and fibroblast growth factors by γδ T cells have been shown to promote tissue repair at multiple barrier sites. Additionally, MAIT cells have been shown to exhibit pro-repair phenotypes and demonstrate microbiota-dependent promotion of murine skin healing. In this review we will discuss how immune responses at mucosal sites are controlled by unconventional lymphocytes and the ways in which these cells promote tissue repair to maintain barrier integrity in the skin, gut and lungs.

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“…[5][6][7][8]13,14 ILC3s, like T H 17 cells, are dependent on the retinoic acid (RA)-related orphan receptor gt (RORgt) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and release IL-17 and IL-22 on activation by IL-1b or IL-23. 15 ILC3s provide protection against extracellular bacteria and promote autoimmune diseases. 15 Similar to ILC3s, lymphoid tissue inducer cells, which are involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during embryogenesis, are also dependent on RORgt.…”

Section: Immunobiology Of Ilcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuing Medical Education Calendar

2021

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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In the 12 years since the discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), our knowledge of their immunobiology has expanded rapidly. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) respond rapidly to allergen exposure and environmental insults in mucosal organs, producing type 2 cytokines. Early studies showed that epithelium-derived cytokines activate ILC2s, resulting in eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of mucosal tissues. We now know that ILC2s are regulated by other cytokines, eicosanoids, and neuropeptides as well, and interact with both immune and stromal cells. Furthermore, ILC2s exhibit plasticity by adjusting their functions depending on their tissue environment and may consist of several heterogeneous subpopulations. Clinical studies show that ILC2s are involved in asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis. However, much remains unknown about the immunologic mechanisms involved. Beneficial functions of ILCs in maintenance or restoration of tissue wellbeing and human health also need to be clarified. As our understanding of the crucial functions ILCs play in both homeostasis and disease pathology expands, we are poised to make tremendous strides in diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with allergic diseases. This review summarizes discoveries in immunobiology of ILCs and their roles in allergic diseases in the past 5 years, discusses controversies and gaps in our knowledge, and suggests future research directions. (J

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Tissue-Specific Features of Innate Lymphoid Cells

Cited by 126 publications

References 121 publications

The basic immunology of asthma

The basic immunology of asthma

Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes

Continuing Medical Education Calendar

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