Tomato Chlorosis Virus: A New Whitefly-Transmitted, Phloem-Limited, Bipartite Closterovirus of Tomato

Abstract

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is the second whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus described infecting tomato. ToCV is distinct from tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), based on lack of serological and nucleic acid cross-reactions and differences in vector specificity. TICV is transmitted only by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), whereas ToCV is transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly, the banded-wing whitefly (T. abutilonea), and Bemisia tabaci biotypes A and B (B. argentifolii). Double-stranded (ds) RNA analyses of ToCV show two prominent dsRNAs of approximately 7,800 and 8,200 bp, with several small dsRNAs. Digoxigenin-11-UTP-labeled riboprobes derived from cDNA clones representing portions of RNAs 1 and 2 were used in Northern blot hybridizations to detect two large nonhomologous dsRNAs and a subset of smaller dsRNAs. These probes were used in dot blot hybridizations to detect ToCV in infected tomato. Inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic vesicles were consistently observed in phloem tissues of ToCV-infected Nicotiana clevelandii. Computer-assisted sequence analysis showed significant homology between ToCV clones that hybridize specifically with RNAs 1 and 2 and the lettuce infectious yellows virus methyltransferase of RNA 1 and the HSP70 heat shock protein homolog of RNA 2, respectively. Thus, ToCV is another member of the growing subgroup of bipartite closteroviruses transmitted by whiteflies.

Epidemiología y variabilidad patogénica del virus del mosaico del pepino dulce (Pepino mosaic virus). Nuevas enfermedades asociadas a su presencia (torrao o cribado)

“…The obtained result of the higher sensibility of this molecular method compared to the ELISA is in accordance to those reported in previous assays for PepMV or other viruses (Sánchez-Navarro et al, 1998) vaporariorum (Wisler et al, 1998b;Pospieszny et al, 2007;Amari et al, 2008), and large populations of whiteflies often co-infect tomato fields worldwide. In addition since the first outbreak of ToCV in Spain, which affected tomato crops with an incidence of more than 30% of symptomatic plants in individual fields (Navas-Castillo et al, 2000), this virus has commonly infected tomato crops during different growing seasons (EPPO, 2005).…”

DETEKSI MOLEKULER PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KUNING (Tomato chlorosis virus DAN Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (MOLECULAR DETECTION CAUSED YELLOWING DISEASE (Tomato chlorosis virus AND Tomato infectious chlorosis virus) ON TOMATOES)

“…merupakan komoditas unggulan hortikultura yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia (Anonim, 2013). Di dalam upaya peningkatan produksinya sering mengalami kendala yang disebabkan penyakit, salah satunya penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV; Duffus et al, 1996) dan Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV; Wisler et al, 1998b) anggota dari genus Crinivirus, famili Closteroviridae yang ditularkan kutu kebul (Wintermantel, 2004). ToCV telah menyebabkan epidemik di Eropa dan outbreak pada tanaman tomat di Provinsi Malaga dan Almeria, Spanyol bagian selatan dengan kejadian infeksi lebih dari 30% (Navas-Castillo et al, 2000).…”

“…Apabila gejala sudah lanjut, seluruh permukaan tanaman menjadi klorosis dan rapuh, terkadang daun menjadi nekrotik dan keungunan. Gejala ini mirip seperti yang dilaporkan pada tanaman tomat yang terinfeksi TICV dan ToCV yang keduanya ditularkan oleh kutu kebul (Duffus et al, 1996;Wisler et al, 1998b).…”

Sera Beyazsineği,Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hem: Aleyrodidae),’ne karşı Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hym: Aphelinidae) yumurta parazitoitinin etkinliğinin sera koşullarında araştırılması

“…In addition, Whiteflies transmit many economically important viral pathogens (Byrne &Bellows, 1991). Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) are transmitted by Glasshouse whitefly (Wisler et al, 1998).…”