Top–Down Attentional Control in Parkinson's Disease: Salient Considerations

Cools, Roshan; Rogers, Robert D.; Barker, Roger A.; Robbins, Trevor W.

doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21227

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Enhanced representation of anger may contribute to paranoid ideations, leading to false interpretations of social signals (Kosaka et al, 2002), and the altered sense of controlling one's own actions may be also related to psychotic experiences, such as disrupted feeling of agency (Voss et al, 2010). Cools et al (2010a) showed that attention was captured by bottom-up salient information to a greater extent in PD patients relative to healthy controls (but see also Mannan et al, 2008). Low dopamine levels in the striatum, together with potentially higher frontal dopamine levels, may contribute to increased resistance to distracting information in PD (Cools et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dopamine Agonists on Adaptive and Aberrant Salience in Parkinson's Disease

Nagy

Levy-Gigi

Somlai

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Clinical evidence suggests that after initiation of dopaminergic medications some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the neurocognitive basis of this phenomenon can be defined as the formation of arbitrary and illusory associations between conditioned stimuli and reward signals, called aberrant salience. Young, never-medicated PD patients and matched controls were assessed on a speeded reaction time task in which the probe stimulus was preceded by conditioned stimuli that could signal monetary reward by color or shape. The patients and controls were re-evaluated after 12 weeks during which the patients received a dopamine agonist (pramipexole or ropinirole). Results indicated that dopamine agonists increased both adaptive and aberrant salience in PD patients, that is, formation of real and illusory associations between conditioned stimuli and reward, respectively. This effect was present when associations were assessed by means of faster responding after conditioned stimuli signaling reward (implicit salience) and overt rating of stimulus-reward links (explicit salience). However, unusual feelings and experiences, which are subclinical manifestations of psychotic-like symptoms, were specifically related to irrelevant and illusory stimulus-reward associations (aberrant salience) in PD patients receiving dopamine agonists. The learning of relevant and real stimulus-reward associations (adaptive salience) was not related to unusual experiences. These results suggest that dopamine agonists may increase psychotic-like experiences in young patients with PD, possibly by facilitating dopaminergic transmission in the ventral striatum, which results in aberrant associations between conditioned stimuli and reward. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 950-958;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dopamine Agonists on Adaptive and Aberrant Salience in Parkinson's Disease

Nagy

Levy-Gigi

Somlai

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…[45]), with deficits found in set-shifting (e.g. [16]) and inhibition (e.g. [57]), but less clear impairments observed in updating (e.g.…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Several studies have reported impaired performance on measures of shifting, such as the CANTAB ID/ED [16,51,58] and other task switching paradigms [13,35]. Impairments in inhibition have also been found, with reports of poorer performance on the Hayling Sentence Completion [10,57] and Stroop tests [45].…”

Section: Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Task Performance in Parkinson’s Disease

Foley

Kaschel

Sala

2013

Behavioural Neurology

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Abstract. Several studies have found dual tasking to be impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but unaffected by healthy ageing. It is not known if this deficit is specific to AD, or also present in other neurodegenerative disorders that can occur in later life, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this study investigated dual tasking in 13 people with PD, 26 AD and 42 healthy age-matched controls. The people with AD demonstrated a specific impairment in dual tasking, which worsened with increasing disease severity. The people with PD did not demonstrate any deficits in dual tasking ability, when compared to healthy controls, suggesting that the dual task impairment is specific to AD.

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“…Both of these paradigms have been previously used in humans, primates and rodents 7,[12][13][14][15][16][17] . However, the stuck-in-set procedure is able to distinguish between different components of set-shifting and is a more selective measure of frontal lobe functioning in human patients 7,22 . Furthermore, one problem that might occur in the two-dimension paradigm is the learned irrelevance that might bias the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Scheggia

Papaleo

2016

JoVE

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Alterations in executive control and cognitive flexibility, such as attentional set-shifting abilities, are core features of several neuropsychiatric diseases. The most widely used neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of attentional set-shifting in human subjects are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the CANTAB Intra-/Extra-dimensional set shift task (ID/ED). These tasks have proven clinical relevance and have been modified and successfully adapted for research in animal models. However, currently available tasks for rodents present several limitations, mainly due to their manual-based testing procedures, which are hampering translational advances in psychiatric medicine. To overcome these limitations and to better mimic the original version in primates, we present the development of a novel operant-based twochamber ID/ED "Operon" task for rodents. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this novel task to measure different facets of cognitive flexibility in mice including attentional set formation and shifting, and reversal learning. Moreover, we show the high flexibility of this task in which three different perceptual dimensions can be manipulated with a high number of stimuli cues for each dimension. This novel ID/ED Operon task can be an effective preclinical tool for drug testing and/or large genetic screening relevant to the study of executive dysfunction and cognitive symptoms found in psychiatric disorders.

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Top–Down Attentional Control in Parkinson's Disease: Salient Considerations

Cited by 73 publications

References 69 publications

The Effect of Dopamine Agonists on Adaptive and Aberrant Salience in Parkinson's Disease

The Effect of Dopamine Agonists on Adaptive and Aberrant Salience in Parkinson's Disease

Dual Task Performance in Parkinson’s Disease

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

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