Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan

Abstract

ReuseThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can't change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. ABSTRACTNew powertrain technologies, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles, have a price premium which can often be offset by lower running costs. Total Cost of Ownership combines these purchase and operating expenses to identify the most economical choice of vehicle. This is a valuable assessment for private and fleet purchasers alike. Studies to date have not compared Total Cost of Ownership across more than two vehicle markets or analysed historic costs. To address this gap, this research provides a more extensive Total Cost of Ownership assessment of conventional, Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles in three industrialized countriesthe UK, USA (using California and Texas as case studies) and Japan -for the time period 1997 to 2015. Finally, the link between Hybrid Electric Vehicle Total Cost of Ownership and market share is analysed with a panel regression model. In all regions the incremental Total Cost of Ownership of hybrid and electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles has reduced from the year of introduction and 2015. Year on year Hybrid Electric Vehicles Total Cost of Ownership was found to vary least in the UK due to the absence of subsidies. Market share was found to be strongly linked to Hybrid Electric Vehicle Total Cost of Ownership through a panel regression analysis. Financial subsidies have enabled Battery ElectricVehicles to reach cost parity in the UK, California and Texas, but this is not the case for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles which haven't received as much financial backing. This research has implications for fleet purchasers and private owners who are considering switching to a low-emission vehicle. The findings are also of interest to policymakers that are keen to develop effective measures to stimulate decarbonisation of the fleet and improve air quality.

Economic and Environmental Prospects for Battery Electric‐ and Fuel Cell Vehicles: A Review

“…Palmer et al. provide an extensive assessment of the TCO of conventional, hybrid, plug‐in hybrid and battery electric vehicles in three industrialized countries (UK, USA‐using California and Texas as case studies, and Japan) for time period 1997–2015, stressing the importance of financial subsidies for EVs, as well as non‐financial incentives. Moreover, this paper provides a review of five studies on TCO, showing the major differences in assumptions.…”

“…The majority of previously published papers considered vehicle ownership costs in just one country or one geographic region (e.g., Gilmore and Patwardhan [19] consider passenger vehicle TCO in India, and Diao et al [20] look at private car TCO in China). Palmer et al [21] provide an extensive assessment of the TCO of conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles in three industrialized countries (UK, USA-using California and Texas as case studies, and Japan) for time period 1997-2015, stressing the importance of financial subsidies for EVs, as well as non-financial incentives. Moreover, this paper provides a review of five studies on TCO, showing the major differences in assumptions.…”

Shared autonomous electric vehicle service performance: Assessing the impact of charging infrastructure

“…Specifically in this case, it is suggested that autonomous EVs produce dramatically fewer emissions than gasoline AVs (Gawron et al, 2018) and consume fewer energy (Vahidi and Sciarretta, 2018). Third, EVs are technically and economically beneficial rather for longer daily travel distances experienced by shared fleets due to their relatively low maintenance needs (Logtenberg et al, 2018;Palmer et al, 2018;Weldon et al, 2018). However, despite the aforementioned advantages, configuration of a shared service based on EVs meets some operational concerns.…”

Design and analysis of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations considering energy transformation

“…Recently, increasingly strict pollutant emissions and fuel economy standards have led the performance improvement of ground vehicles employing alternative energy to become a hot topic . Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are regarded as one of the most crucial solutions to enhance the fuel economy of automobiles because they can decrease fuel consumption and exhaust emissions by utilizing electric energy with the low cost and pollution‐free advantages …”

“…1,2 Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are regarded as one of the most crucial solutions to enhance the fuel economy of automobiles because they can decrease fuel consumption and exhaust emissions by utilizing electric energy with the low cost and pollution-free advantages. [3][4][5] The design of powertrain configuration is the key part of the design of hybrid electric vehicles. Configuration determines the power flow path and the coupling method of the power sources, which contributes to distinct difference of fuel economy and dynamic performance between hybrid electric vehicles equipped with various configurations.…”