Tough and Reinforced Polypropylene/Kaolin Composites using Modified Kaolin

Yao, Junlong; Zhu, Haiqing; Qi, Yanyuan; Guo, M J; Hu, Qingxi; Lin, Gao

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/359/1/012034

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To further reveal the fire-retardant mechanism of P-MCC@CS@PA-Na in the condensed phase, the chemical structure and composition of char residues after the cone calorimetry test were further investigated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, as shown in Figure c,f. Compared with the neat EP char, the new absorption peaks of EP/15% P-MCC@CS@PA-Na char at 1402, 1065, 989, and 610–560 cm –1 can be respectively ascribed to the stretching vibration of C–N, PO, P–O–C, and the ν4 bending vibration of PO 4 . ,− These results suggest that phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compounds from P-MCC@CS@PA-Na can act as a dehydration agent to catalyze the formation of carbonaceous char, protecting the EP matrix. In addition, the Raman spectra of the char residues of EP and EP/15% P-MCC@CS@PA-Na exhibit two main peaks at 1350 cm –1 (D band) and 1580 cm –1 (G band).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fully Biobased Surface-Functionalized Microcrystalline Cellulose via Green Self-Assembly toward Fire-Retardant, Strong, and Tough Epoxy Biocomposites

Lou

Dai

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The design of renewable and fully biobased flame retardants (FRs) with high efficiencies and mechanical reinforcement functions for epoxy resin (EP) can greatly advance their potentials to satisfy sustainability. Although some biobased fire retardants have been successfully developed so far, most of existing biobased FRs are often not fully biobased and their syntheses normally involve the use of a large volume of organic solvents in addition to complicated synthesis processes. Herein, we report a facile and green strategy to synthesize fully biobased FR (P-MCC@CS@PA-Na) by surface-functionalizing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with chitosan (CS) and sodium phytate (PA-Na) via layer-by-layer assembly in water. The results show that incorporating 15 wt % P-MCC@CS@PA-Na enables EP composite to pass a UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 26.2%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production release, total smoke production, the fire growth rate, and the fire retardancy index of the EP/15 wt % P-MCC@CS@PA-Na are greatly reduced, indicating a good fire retardance. Notably, the well-designed P-MCC@CS@PA-Na simultaneously strengthens and toughens the EP because of uniform dispersion and a favorable interfacial compatibility between P-MCC@CS@PA-Na and the EP matrix. This work provides a green strategy for the fabrication of highly efficient multifunctional fully biobased FRs for polymers.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fully Biobased Surface-Functionalized Microcrystalline Cellulose via Green Self-Assembly toward Fire-Retardant, Strong, and Tough Epoxy Biocomposites

Lou

Dai

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Guessoum et al 23 noticed significant improvements in mechanical properties and thermal stability with a decrease of crystallization temperature of PP/modified kaolin composites. Alternatively, surface modification of kaolin with diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) efficiently improves the compatibility between PP and kaolin leading to a higher melt flow index, tensile, impact, and bending strength, respectively; this composite could completely meet the requirements of home appliances, automotive, machinery, construction, and other areas as recently reported by Yao et al 24 Morphological examination showed also an indication for an eventually intercalation of PP/kaolin composite in presence of maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as estimated by Degassi et al 25 In addition, calcined kaolin at 800°C presents better mechanical properties with low density polyethylene (LDPE)/kaolin composite. 26 From the economic and environmental effects of the polymer packaging materials, there is a lot of demand for development of low weight packaging systems with improved barrier and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Influence of calcined and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane modified kaolin on morphology, tensile, and thermal properties of hybrid thermoplastic composites

Chedri

Zoukrami

Haddaoui

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the incorporation effect of kaolin clay on the mechanical and thermal properties of PP/kaolin composites. Its performance is studied as a function of powder content in the different particle size. To improve the dispersion of the mineral clay and the interfacial interactions between matrix and filler, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. Also, the filler surface was modified with a silane-coupling agent (hexadecyltrimethoxysilane). The change of the kaolin structure into metakaolin by calcination was carried at 600°C. The results show that silane modified kaolin leads to a better dispersion and to a better mechanical and thermal properties. However, addition of untreated kaolin increases E− modulus of about 32 at 5% wt content. Elongation at break was also enhanced in the presence of calcined and silane modified kaolin as compared to untreated composites. Thermal stability was found to increase with 2.5% of compatibilizer in PP/kaolin composites.

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“…from 4.2 kJ/m 2 to 3.4 kJ/m 2 . We attribute this to kaolin being an inorganic rigid particle with high surface energy which, when mixed with hydrophobic PP, led to a serious level of agglomeration for high filler content [22]. Said agglomeration leads not only to an increase in the brittleness, but it also creates many crack initiations and stress-concentration sites.…”

Section: Izod Impact Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When kaolin was mixed with hydrophobic PP, the agglomeration of kaolin particles can become crucial. Furthermore, the interfacial adhesion of kaolin particles and PP matrix is also poor [22].…”

Section: Previous Studies On Pp/kaolin Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibre and Kaolin Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Thongsoon¹,

Abeykoon²,

Vera‐Marun³

et al. 2021

World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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This study aims to evaluate potential methodologies for improving the performance of polypropylene (PP) matrix composites by the addition of carbon fibre and kaolin fillers, processed using a twin screw extruder, and compare them with neat PP. The effect of filler types and loading was investigated on mechanical properties such as the tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength, evaluated by using universal testing systems. Of the two types of composites, carbon fibre reinforced composites gave the best performance. The results showed that the addition of 30 wt% of short carbon fibre to neat PP raised the tensile modulus and flexural modulus by 219% and 280%, respectively, compared to neat PP itself. Also, the elongation at break was reduced by 87-96% compared to neat PP, which is attributed to such fillers restricting the chain mobility of polymer molecules. Addition of kaolin has also resulted in improved tensile and flexural modulus up to 42% and 41%, respectively, from that of the neat PP. Izod impact test showed that the addition of kaolin also improves impact strength by up to 10% at low content of kaolin. However, the impact strength was reduced with increasing kaolin content above 20% by weight, due to the agglomeration of kaolin particles. For PP/carbon fibre composites, the impact strength slightly increased when increasing the carbon fibre content from 10 wt% to 20 wt%, whereas it slightly dropped when increasing to 30 wt%. Based on these results, overall, the addition of carbon fibre and kaolin from 10-30 wt% significantly improves the tensile and flexural modulus properties. These fillers can be considered as promising reinforcing materials to increase the performance of thermoplastics. These type of composite systems may encourage commodity thermoplastics to be applied for high-end applications at a significant rate in the near future.

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Tough and Reinforced Polypropylene/Kaolin Composites using Modified Kaolin

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Fully Biobased Surface-Functionalized Microcrystalline Cellulose via Green Self-Assembly toward Fire-Retardant, Strong, and Tough Epoxy Biocomposites

Fully Biobased Surface-Functionalized Microcrystalline Cellulose via Green Self-Assembly toward Fire-Retardant, Strong, and Tough Epoxy Biocomposites

Influence of calcined and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane modified kaolin on morphology, tensile, and thermal properties of hybrid thermoplastic composites

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibre and Kaolin Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

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