Toughening of nylon 6 with core‐shell impact modifiers: Effect of matrix molecular weight

Lu, M.; Keskkula, H.; Paul, D. R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960228)59:9<1467::aid-app15>3.3.co;2-s

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the effect of the processing conditions on the CSR particles is very small, so the toughening effect is very significant. Currently, CSR particles have been widely used to toughen PA 6, such as polybutadiene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PB-PMMA) (7,8), poly(n-butyl acrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBA-PMMA) (9), poly(ethylene-octene) elastomer/semi-crystalline polyolefin blend (TPEg) (10,11), etc. CSR particles were also used for toughening and modifying other brittle plastics, for instance, PVC,PS,PC, Epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Dimension PBA-P(MMA-ITA) Latex Particles with Core-Shell Morphology

Liu

Tian

et al. 2013

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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In this paper, a novel large dimension poly(n-butyl acrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate-itaconic acid) (PBA-P(MMA-ITA)) core-shell latex particles (CSR) with diameter of 200 nm∼300 nm were successfully synthesized via pre-emulsion and semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization process. The analysis on the surface tension and coagulation rate of polymeric system, size and distribution of latex particles indicated that the composite emulsifier of sodium dodecyl sulfonate/polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (SDS/OP-10) had the best emulsified effect. The optimal ratio of SDS/OP-10 was 1:1 and its optimum dosage was 1.0% of monomer amount. FTIR analysis results confirmed that ITA participated in the copolymerization reaction and the chemical bond between P(MMA-ITA) copolymer and PBA core existed in the interfacial of core and shell. DSC analysis results showed that the glass transition temperature (T g ) of P(MMA-ITA) copolymer increased with the increase of the ITA dosage and decreased with the increase of the core shell mass ratio. TEM images revealed that CSR particles had core-shell morphology indeed, but the particles' core-shell morphology would be changed at higher ITA dosage and core shell mass ratio. The size of CSR particles was 330 nm, and the diameter of PBA core was 290 nm. ITA content in the shell of CSR particles was analyzed by non-aqueous acid-base titration. ITA content was the highest at 6% of ITA dosage, ITA amount which chemically bonded with PBA core was the highest at 8% of ITA dosage. When the core shell mass ratio was 60/40, ITA content and ITA amount which grafted onto PBA core were both the highest. ITA content of CSR particles achieved above 1.11% in this work, and it is completely possible for using CSR particles toughening and compatibilizing polyamide 6 (PA 6).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Dimension PBA-P(MMA-ITA) Latex Particles with Core-Shell Morphology

Liu

Tian

et al. 2013

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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“…There are extensive technical literatures on rubber‐toughened PA 6. Various types of rubber have been used, including styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene block copolymer (SEBS) and/or SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐ g ‐MA) [1–3] (EPR) and/or (EPR‐ g ‐MA) [4–13], styrene‐acrylic acid copolymer [3], acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS) [14, 15], polyethylene‐octene copolymer (EOR) and/or EOR grafted with maleic anhydride (EOR‐MA) [16, 17], epoxidized ethylene propylene diene rubber [18], ethylene propylene diene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM‐ g ‐MA) [19, 20], EPDM grafted with styrene acrylonitrile copolymer [21], core‐shell impact modifier [22, 23], polyvinyl acetate blended with ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer [24], ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer [25], polybutadiene [26], natural rubber with maleic anhydride (NR‐ g ‐MA) [27], carboxylated styrene‐butadiene rubber [28], acrylonitrile‐butadiene copolymer [29], carboxylated nitrile rubber [30], ultra‐fine fully‐vulcanized acrylate powdered rubber [31], and carboxylic styrene‐butadiene ultra‐fine full‐vulcanized powdered rubber [32]. Effective toughening agents must be functionalized or polar rubbers because PA 6 is a polar material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a structured acrylic impact modifier and its application in toughening polyamide 6

Zhao

Yao

Liu

et al. 2011

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A series of poly(n‐butyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid), i.e., poly(BA/MMA‐co‐AA), core‐shell structured modifiers with different contents of crosslinking agent allyl methacrylate and functional monomer were prepared, and its effects on mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA 6) blends were investigated. The modifiers were prepared at a solid content of 50 wt% by a seeded emulsion polymerization. Dynamic light scattering measurement showed that the particle grew without significant secondary nucleation occurring. The morphology was confirmed by means of transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the fractured surfaces. The dynamic mechanical analysis measurements indicated that the appearance of two merged transition peaks and the magnitude of the loss peak of PA 6 matrix with the addition of PBMA core‐shell modifier in the PA 6/PBMA blends were responsible for the improvement of PA 6 toughness. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Many investigations have showed that there exists an optimum range for modifier size that can exhibit favorable effect in toughening invariant matrix 6, 31. For example, preferable size of polyamide‐6 is ranging from 200 to 500 nm; for poly(methyl methacrylate), it lies in range between 200 nm and 300 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of polycarbonate by core‐shell latex particles: Influence of particle size and spatial distribution on brittle‐ductile transition

Tang

Yang

et al. 2010

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The impact toughness of polycarbonate modified with acrylic core‐shell latex particles was investigated. Addition of impact modifiers with size ranging from 115.7 to 231.4 nm can result in maximum impact strength. Equations for spatial distribution of modified particles were proposed to associate the interparticle distance with particle size and modifier volume fraction in terms of two possible morphologies, given by T = d[0.91/(φ)1/3 − 1] or T = d[0.88/(φ)1/3 − 1]. The influence of particle size on brittle‐ductile transition was also studied. The results indicated that critical interparticle distance was not a definitive value and had a narrow region. Moreover, there existed a linear relationship between critical interparticle distance and modifier size, that is, critical interparticle distance would enlarge with the increasing of core‐shell particle size. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1970–1977, 2010

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Toughening of nylon 6 with core‐shell impact modifiers: Effect of matrix molecular weight

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Dimension PBA-P(MMA-ITA) Latex Particles with Core-Shell Morphology

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Dimension PBA-P(MMA-ITA) Latex Particles with Core-Shell Morphology

Preparation of a structured acrylic impact modifier and its application in toughening polyamide 6

Toughening of polycarbonate by core‐shell latex particles: Influence of particle size and spatial distribution on brittle‐ductile transition

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