Toward a Hybrid Model of Developmental Coordination Disorder

Abstract

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Activation of Mirror Neuron Regions Is Altered in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)–Neurophysiological Evidence Using an Action Observation Paradigm

“…Notwithstanding this evidence, the cause(s) of DCD is unclear and remains a topic of current debate (Werner et al, 2012). One recent hypothesis that may account for the cluster of motor difficulties seen in DCD is an impairment of the mirror neuron system (MNS; Werner et al, 2012; Reynolds et al, 2015b; Wilson et al, 2017a,b).…”

Neuroimaging Findings for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in Adults: Critical Evaluation and Future Directions

“…However, a single deficit model, although parsimonious and relatively easy to test, has limitations. For instance, as underscored by Wilson and colleagues [80], IMD hypothesis is supported, among other results, by behavioural data on effector systems, but deficits were stronger on tasks that involved higher complexity or required more endpoint precision. These indicate that some other deficits may be involved.…”

“…For instance, according to the internal modelling deficit (IMD) hypothesis [79], the movement difficulties in DCD are due to a deficit in the ability to engage predictive control during planning and executing movements. This is concluded from the evidence on participants with DCD (DCDPs) who, in comparison to CPs, exhibit deficient motor imagery, a smaller amount of anticipatory postural adjustment when initiating movement and slower adjustments to target perturbations during the action of reaching [80]. However, a single deficit model, although parsimonious and relatively easy to test, has limitations.…”

“…Another model that needs to be considered here is the recently proposed hybrid (multicomponent) model of motor skill development based on advances in cognitive neuroscience and ecological systems theory [80]. It consists of three components: individual, task and environment.…”

“…The individual level is most complex and consists of motor abilities, motor and cognitive processes and biological maturation and genetics. Importantly, motor performance emerges from the interaction of these three components (for more details see [80]). This model may prove particularly valuable for longitudinal studies of DCD.…”