Toward a new approach to the study of personality in culture.

Cheung, Fanny M.; Vijver, Fons J. R. van de; Leong, Frederick T. L.

doi:10.1037/a0022389

Cited by 414 publications

(365 citation statements)

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“…The development of this field can be divided into three phases, which are also major objectives of the area (Cheung et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2013). The first is the etic imposition and concerns the investigation of the generality and validity of models and theories developed in WEIRD countries in other cultural contexts.…”

Section: The Lexical Approach and Cross-cultural Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is that the taxonomic models of personality traits were substantially derived from the lexicon of the English language and the replicability of the models in other cultures was verified mostly by translation, adaptation and collection of evidence of validity and reliability in other languages and cultures. This perspective, named etic approach, denotes an universalist perspective concerned with the replicability of hypothetically universal personality models in different cultural contexts (Allik, Massoudi, Realo, & Rossier, 2012;Cheung, Van de Vijver, & Leong, 2011;Church, 2008;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

Peres¹

2018

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iv Procura da poesia (...) Chega mais perto e contempla as palavras.Cada uma tem mil faces secretas sob a face neutra e te pergunta, sem interesse pela resposta, pobre ou terrível, que lhe deres:Trouxeste a chave? (...) Carlos Drummond de Andrade in A Rosa do Povo (1945) From March 1979Tired of all who come with words, words but no language I went to the snow-covered island.The wild does not have words.The unwritten pages spread out on all sides! I come upon the tracks of roe deer in the snow.Language but no words. Tomas Tranströmer in The Wild Market Square (1983, trad. Robin Fulton) v DedicatoryThis dissertation is dedicated to Professor Jacob Laros and to Professor Luiz Pasquali, who advised me during my postgraduate studies with inspiring wisdom, not only embracing my projects, but also kindly respecting my ideas and decisions, and patiently guiding me through my doubts and after my stumbles. It is an honor to be an apprentice and a friend of such masters.vi Agradecimentos (Acknowledgements)Um doutoramento não é resultado apenas da dedicação individual do estudante. Nesse sentido, faço os seguintes agradecimentos. À Renata e ao Bartholomeu, pelo amor e companheirismo. Aos meus pais, que sempre se esforçaram para oferecer aos filhos e a outros familiares oportunidades para o desenvolvimento educacional e profissional. Aos meus irmãos, cunhados e ao restante da minha grande e querida família mineira. À Thaís, Dudu e Raphael, a quem espero inspirar em seguir a carreira acadêmica. Aos meus professores da Educação Básica, que me ensinaram a aprender e inspiraram minha predileção pela ciência, artes e filosofia. Gostaria de lembrar especialmente das professoras Laudiene, Eliana, Magda Table 3. The Six-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ……………………………………………………………..……….… 127 Table 4. The Seven-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ……………………………………………………….… 128 Table 5. The Fourteen-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ………………………………………………………… 130 Table 6. The Fifteen-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models …………………………………………………………. 132 Table 7. User frequency or the number of users that used the term, overall term frequency in the corpus, inverse document frequency, mean, minimum, maximum, and range …………………………..… 147xii General AbstractThis dissertation consists of three studies concerning the lexical approach of research in the field of personality, with a focus on Brazilian culture and natural language. The first study is of a theoretical nature and explores some of the criticisms regarding the lexical approach to personality research with its origin in the psychological study of natural language and crosscultural psychology, as well as methodolo...

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Section: The Lexical Approach and Cross-cultural Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

Peres¹

2018

Preprint

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“…The blind spots left by this approach are often emphasized by indigenous and cultural psychologists (Cheung, Cheung, Wada, & Zhang, 2006). The importance of incorporating indigenous and universal, or emic and etic, elements in the study and assessment of psychological constructs, and personality in particular, has been increasingly recognized over the past decades (Cheung, Van de Vijver, & Leong, 2011;Van de Vijver, 2013). Yet, little work has been done on combining emic and etic elements in personality research and assessment.…”

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confidence: 99%

The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI): A culture-informed instrument for the country’s main ethnocultural groups.

Fetvadjiev

Meiring

Vijver³

et al. 2015

Psychological Assessment

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We present the development and the underlying structure of a personality inventory for the main ethnocultural groups of South Africa, using an emic-etic approach. The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) was developed based on an extensive qualitative study of the implicit personality conceptions in the country's 11 official languages (Nel et al., 2012). Items were generated and selected (to a final set of 146) with a continuous focus on cultural adequacy and translatability. Students and community adults (671 Blacks, 198 Coloreds, 104 Indians, and 391 Whites) completed the inventory. A 6-dimensional structure (comprising a positive and a negative Social-Relational factor, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness) was equivalent across groups and replicated in an independent sample of 139 Black and 270 White students. The SAPI correlated highly overall with impression-management aspects, but lower with lying aspects of social desirability. The SAPI socialrelational factors were distinguishable from the Big Five in a joint factor analysis; the multiple correlations with the Big Five were .64 (positive) and .51 (negative social-relational). Implications and suggestions for emic-etic instrument and model development are discussed.

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“…The term "etic" thereby denotes explorations "as from outside of a particular system" (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong 2011;Church 2001). An example is the use of translated versions of standardised Five Factor Model inventories to study individuals in national and cultural communities other than those of the Anglo-American communities for which this model and its inventories were originally developed (e.g., Terracciano et al, 2005).…”

Section: D) Etic (Or Top-down) Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes researchers combine elements of different classes of approaches in their selection procedures (Cheung et al 2011). For example, from the four major categories of person-descriptive terms that Allport and Odbert (1936) derived with a lexical physical system approach, Cattell (1943) used the terms from the first category and added about 100 temporary-state terms that he nominated himself, thus using a nomination approach.…”

Section: E) Mixed Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing “Personality” Taxonomies: Metatheoretical and Methodological Rationales Underlying Selection Approaches, Methods of Data Generation and Reduction Principles

Uher

2014

Integr. psych. behav.

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Taxonomic "personality" models are widely used in research and applied fields. This article applies the Transdisciplinary Philosophy-of-Science Paradigm for Research on Individuals (TPS-Paradigm) to scrutinise the three methodological steps that are required for developing comprehensive "personality" taxonomies: 1) the approaches used to select the phenomena and events to be studied, 2) the methods used to generate data about the selected phenomena and events and 3) the reduction principles used to extract the "most important" individual-specific variations for constructing "personality" taxonomies. Analyses of some currently popular taxonomies reveal frequent mismatches between the researchers' explicit and implicit metatheories about "personality" and the abilities of previous methodologies to capture the particular kinds of phenomena toward which they are targeted. Serious deficiencies that preclude scientific quantifications are identified in standardised questionnaires, psychology's established standard method of investigation. These mismatches and deficiencies derive from the lack of an explicit formulation and critical reflection on the philosophical and metatheoretical assumptions being made by scientists and from the established practice of radically matching the methodological tools to researchers' preconceived ideas and to pre-existing statistical theories rather than to the particular phenomena and individuals under study. These findings raise serious doubts about the ability of previous taxonomies to appropriately and comprehensively reflect the phenomena towards which they are targeted and the structures of individual-specificity occurring in them. The article elaborates and illustrates with empirical examples methodological principles that allow researchers to appropriately meet the metatheoretical requirements and that are suitable for comprehensively exploring individuals' "personality".Key words: personality assessment; lexical approach; standardized questionnaire methods; traits; Big Five Model and Five Factor Model; psychometrics; scientific quantification, contextualised methodologies; quantitative methods; phenomenon-methodology matching; emic approach and etic approach. . Developing "personality" taxonomies: Metatheoretical and methodological rationales underlying selection approaches, methods of data generation and reduction principles. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49,

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Toward a new approach to the study of personality in culture.

Abstract: We review recent developments in the study of culture and personality measurement. Three approaches are described: an

Cited by 414 publications

References 73 publications

The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI): A culture-informed instrument for the country’s main ethnocultural groups.

Developing “Personality” Taxonomies: Metatheoretical and Methodological Rationales Underlying Selection Approaches, Methods of Data Generation and Reduction Principles

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